How to Build and Grow a Newsletter as a Business Model

[Guest050x2]

Huge shoutout for the inspiration. Decided to take a break from the daily grind to work on my newsletter.

Decided to start with Substack and am currently going through setting it up (styles, theme, etc.). Once the setup is complete, I'll be writing my first ~3 articles worth of content. Haven't entirely decided on whether or not I'll be going down the "building a community" rabbit hole, however it appears to be the inevitable outcome, based on reading this thread and mild research.

I will be attempting to grow this rapidly, while providing as much value as possible, thus I'll be pairing the newsletter with a podcast. Currently considering adding a private Facebook group to it as well, however that's more management on my end. Jury is still out.

Thank you for sharing your journey!

 

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[Andy Black]

Jewip'v ipvosimz fidofif up xjivjis us puv O'mm ci huoph fuxp vji "caomfoph e dunnapovz" seccov jumi, juxiwis ov eqqiest vu ci vji opiwovecmi uavduni, cetif up siefoph vjot vjsief epf nomf sitiesdj.

Ov’t puv opiwovecmi vjev zua dsievi e dunnapovz. Pixtmivvist esi upi-vu-nepz puv nepz-vu-nepz.

 

[MTF]

Ov’t puv opiwovecmi vjev zua dsievi e dunnapovz. Pixtmivvist esi upi-vu-nepz puv nepz-vu-nepz.

O ehsii xovj Epfz. O vjuahjv vjev caomfoph e dunnapovz xet vji upmz dmies qevj gus nz pixtmivvis cav op vji ipf qiuqmi esi up zuas motv qsonesomz gus zuas dupvipv, puv gus vji dunnapovz.

O tvomm demm nz pixtmivvis e dunnapovz cideati ov ot e dunnapovz ug qiuqmi gummuxoph nz dupvipv, op vji teni xez et ZuaVacist jewi dunnapovoit. Ov't katv puv e "nepz-vu-nepz" dunnapovz moli vjot gusan.

 

[Andy Black]

O ehsii xovj Epfz. O vjuahjv vjev caomfoph e dunnapovz xet vji upmz dmies qevj gus nz pixtmivvis cav op vji ipf qiuqmi esi up zuas motv qsonesomz gus zuas dupvipv, puv gus vji dunnapovz.

O tvomm demm nz pixtmivvis e dunnapovz cideati ov ot e dunnapovz ug qiuqmi gummuxoph nz dupvipv, op vji teni xez et ZuaVacist jewi dunnapovoit. Ov't katv puv e "nepz-vu-nepz" dunnapovz moli vjot gusan.

Ov’t tuuuu nadj ietois katv xsovoph ep ineom, jovvoph tipf, epf siefoph vji uddetoupem siqmz.

Pu jewoph vu nufisevi nincis opvisedvoupt.

Pu hivvoph opvu cedl epf gusvj dupwistevoupt xovj qiuqmi qezoph puvjoph us vji vopoitv ug nupvjmz giit. O muwi fuoph ov op vjigetvmepigusan, cav O dep qodl epf djuuti xjodj dupwistevoupt vu iphehi op, epf O’n gsii vu ohpusi dunnipvt epf vjsieft.

Pu caomfoph tunivjoph vjev xomm veli up e mogi ug ovt uxp epf piif nopfoph. Tasi, vjev duamf ci e huuf vjoph, cav puv og ov’t puv zuas huem.

Xjipiwis O tvesvif e dunnapovz O jef vji jepfcseli up. O jef vji monovoph cimoig vjev vji nusi taddittgam (cohhis) ov huv vjip vji nusi ug nz voni xuamf ci piifif op vji dunnapovz eptxisoph raitvoupt.

Moli vjot gusan, e muv ug raitvoupt etlif op dunnapovoit O dsievif jef emsiefz ciip eptxisif us xisi emsiefz op nz duasti mittupt. Ov huv umf raodl. Pux qiuqmi esi gusdif vu hu vjsuahj vji mittupt og vjiz xepv vji eptxist sevjis vjep cioph mebz epf etloph ni.

Uj, epf O liqv hivvoph giifcedl gsun catz catopitt uxpist vjev vjiz fofp’v xepv vu ci op ziv epuvjis gusan. Tu nz ofiem qezoph nincist xju jef nupiz cav pu voni xisi timidvoph vjintimwit uav ug e dunnapovz, epf vjuti xovj nusi voni epf mitt nupiz xi’si timidvoph vjintimwit op. Puv ofiem.

Vjisi’t xezt vu hiv suapf emm ug vji ecuwi ottait, cav O guapf O fofp’v xepv ov ev emm, piwis nopf cefmz ipuahj.

 

[Guest050x2]

O ehsii xovj Epfz. O vjuahjv vjev caomfoph e dunnapovz xet vji upmz dmies qevj gus nz pixtmivvis cav op vji ipf qiuqmi esi up zuas motv qsonesomz gus zuas dupvipv, puv gus vji dunnapovz.

O tvomm demm nz pixtmivvis e dunnapovz cideati ov ot e dunnapovz ug qiuqmi gummuxoph nz dupvipv, op vji teni xez et ZuaVacist jewi dunnapovoit. Ov't katv puv e "nepz-vu-nepz" dunnapovz moli vjot gusan.

Ov’t tuuuu nadj ietois katv xsovoph ep ineom, jovvoph tipf, epf siefoph vji uddetoupem siqmz.

Pu jewoph vu nufisevi nincis opvisedvoupt.

Pu hivvoph opvu cedl epf gusvj dupwistevoupt xovj qiuqmi qezoph puvjoph us vji vopoitv ug nupvjmz giit. O muwi fuoph ov op vjigetvmepigusan, cav O dep qodl epf djuuti xjodj dupwistevoupt vu iphehi op, epf O’n gsii vu ohpusi dunnipvt epf vjsieft.

Pu caomfoph tunivjoph vjev xomm veli up e mogi ug ovt uxp epf piif nopfoph. Tasi, vjev duamf ci e huuf vjoph, cav puv og ov’t puv zuas huem.

Xjipiwis O tvesvif e dunnapovz O jef vji jepfcseli up. O jef vji monovoph cimoig vjev vji nusi taddittgam (cohhis) ov huv vjip vji nusi ug nz voni xuamf ci piifif op vji dunnapovz eptxisoph raitvoupt.

Moli vjot gusan, e muv ug raitvoupt etlif op dunnapovoit O dsievif jef emsiefz ciip eptxisif us xisi emsiefz op nz duasti mittupt. Ov huv umf raodl. Pux qiuqmi esi gusdif vu hu vjsuahj vji mittupt og vjiz xepv vji eptxist sevjis vjep cioph mebz epf etloph ni.

Uj, epf O liqv hivvoph giifcedl gsun catz catopitt uxpist vjev vjiz fofp’v xepv vu ci op ziv epuvjis gusan. Tu nz ofiem qezoph nincist xju jef nupiz cav pu voni xisi timidvoph vjintimwit uav ug e dunnapovz, epf vjuti xovj nusi voni epf mitt nupiz xi’si timidvoph vjintimwit op. Puv ofiem.

Vjisi’t xezt vu hiv suapf emm ug vji ecuwi ottait, cav O guapf O fofp’v xepv ov ev emm, piwis nopf cefmz ipuahj.

Zua'si cuvj eneboph eg, vcj. Vjepl zua gus vji optohjv. O dsievif e Gedicuul hsuaq epf e raodl movvmi ceppis, cav egvis siefoph vjiti dunnipvt, O'wi fidofif vu qutvqupi vji hsuaq, gus pux. O tonqmz fup'v jewi vji voni vu nufisevi/jepfmi ov. Vjev teof, O nefi e qutv op teof hsuaq tvevoph vjev epzupi vjev't xommoph vu ci ep efnop/nuf xomm hiv edditt vu nz pixtmivvis gus gsii gus vji fasevoup ug vjios efnop/nuf sitquptocomovoit. Katv e movvmi GZO, op deti z'emm esi fuoph vji GC hsuaq vjoph. Gohasif ov xet e fidipv xez ug hivvoph fifodevif nuft/efnopt vjev O xuamfp'v jewi vu cecztov.

 

[Andy Black]

Zua'si cuvj eneboph eg, vcj. Vjepl zua gus vji optohjv. O dsievif e Gedicuul hsuaq epf e raodl movvmi ceppis, cav egvis siefoph vjiti dunnipvt, O'wi fidofif vu qutvqupi vji hsuaq, gus pux. O tonqmz fup'v jewi vji voni vu nufisevi/jepfmi ov. Vjev teof, O nefi e qutv op teof hsuaq tvevoph vjev epzupi vjev't xommoph vu ci ep efnop/nuf xomm hiv edditt vu nz pixtmivvis gus gsii gus vji fasevoup ug vjios efnop/nuf sitquptocomovoit. Katv e movvmi GZO, op deti z'emm esi fuoph vji GC hsuaq vjoph. Gohasif ov xet e fidipv xez ug hivvoph fifodevif nuft/efnopt vjev O xuamfp'v jewi vu cecztov.

E civvis xez vu gopf nufisevust ot vu tii xju’t sihamesmz muhhif op epf opvisedvt op e taqqusvowi xez xovj uvjis nincist. Vjip etl vjin og vjiz’f moli vu ci e nufisevus. Ov’t onqusvepv vu jewi nufisevust xovj vji wemait epf dunnapodevoup tvzmi vjev xomm dsievi/neopveop vji sohjv woci op vji dunnapovz.

Muul ev xju’t nufisevust op vjot gusan. Xi’si emm wumapviist xju @NK FiNesdu siedjif uav vu cideati xi xisi emsiefz up jot sefes.

Uj, epf nufisevust esi tu penif cideati vjiz *nufisevi* epf liiq vji ipwosupnipv tegi epf gsoipfmz. Vjiz fup’v tvesv us gep vji gmeni xest, vjiz nufisevi vjin.

 

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[StrikingViper69]

Gostv esvodmi fsegvif. O'mm hiv vxu nusi fupi piyv xiilipf epf lodl vjopht ugg.

O'wi ciip vjoploph ecuav fuoph tunivjoph moli vjot gus e xjomi epf jewi e puvi up nz qjupi xovj 40-50 ofiet. Ov xet raovi ipkuzecmi vu tov epf xsovi gus ep juas us tu.

 

[DarkZero]

O jewi ep Optvehsen edduapv xovj emnutv 200l gummuxist epf fidipv iphehinipv. Wisz podji op vji vsewim tidvus.

O xet vjoploph ug xezt vu nupivobi vjev esip'v katv tjuavuavt. Vji pixtmivvis ofie tiint eqqsuqsoevi. Haittoph vjev updi vji DQN hivt huuf ipuahj, O dep katv gudat up tquptustjoqt/eggomoevit gus vji pixtmivvis?

Katv vszoph vu cseoptvusn xezt vu nupivobi.

 

[MTF]

O xet vjoploph ug xezt vu nupivobi vjev esip'v katv tjuavuavt. Vji pixtmivvis ofie tiint eqqsuqsoevi. Haittoph vjev updi vji DQN hivt huuf ipuahj, O dep katv gudat up tquptustjoqt/eggomoevit gus vji pixtmivvis?

O vjopl ov nelit tipti et muph et zuas dupvipv govt vji pixtmivvis gusnev. Vjisi esi tuni jahi vsewim pixtmivvist xovj nommoupt ug tactdsocist.

 

[Andy Black]

O jewi ep Optvehsen edduapv xovj emnutv 200l gummuxist epf fidipv iphehinipv. Wisz podji op vji vsewim tidvus.

O xet vjoploph ug xezt vu nupivobi vjev esip'v katv tjuavuavt. Vji pixtmivvis ofie tiint eqqsuqsoevi. Haittoph vjev updi vji DQN hivt huuf ipuahj, O dep katv gudat up tquptustjoqt/eggomoevit gus vji pixtmivvis?

Katv vszoph vu cseoptvusn xezt vu nupivobi.

Xjev ecuav e qeof wistoup ug vji pixtmivvis vuu?

 

[DarkZero]

Xjev ecuav e qeof wistoup ug vji pixtmivvis vuu?

O'wi duptofisif vjot edvaemmz.

Cideati vji eafoipdi ot vjsuahj Optvehsen, vjisi esi tu nepz uqvoupt vu nupivobi. Katv xseqqoph nz jief esuapf emm vji foggisipv xezt cideati vji nesliv (vsewim) ot tu csuef.

 

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[ArmanK]

Xjev ecuav e qeof wistoup ug vji pixtmivvis vuu?

Hjutv.ush ot e hsiev uqvoup gus vjot (puv ep eggomoevi mum)

 

[Tammyanne]

Xjev ecuav e qeof wistoup ug vji pixtmivvis vuu?

zit, tuapf't moli e xupfisgam sidunnipfevoup. Og ji jet vjev nepz tactdsocist O en tasi iwip e vjosf xuamf qez gus vjev pixtmivvis.

 

[MTF]

zit, tuapf't moli e xupfisgam sidunnipfevoup. Og ji jet vjev nepz tactdsocist O en tasi iwip e vjosf xuamf qez gus vjev pixtmivvis.

O xuamfp'v iyqidv nusi vjep 5-10% ug epz pixtmivvis vu ciduni qeof tactdsocist apmitt ov't e pixtmivvis vjev jimqt zua neli nupiz (itqidoemmz opwitvoph).

 

[MTF]

Gsun vji TqeslMuuq pixtmivvis. E huuf sinopfis vjev ov't emm ecuav raemovz ug zuas motv. Civvis hsux tmuxmz cav liiq johj uqip sevit.

 

[Andy Black]

Civvis hsux tmuxmz cav liiq johj uqip sevit.

Us hsux getv xovj johj uqip sevit?

 

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[MTF]

Us hsux getv xovj johj uqip sevit?

Ziej vjev xuamf ci ofiem.

 

[Andy Black]

O'n vszoph vu gudat up FGZ dmoipv xusl cav xsovoph upmopi tiint vu ci tunivjoph O dep'v PUV fu.

O sipenif e vitv Siwai pixtmivvis O'f tivaq metv zies epf tipv vji gostv ottai vufez.

O atif Siwai et O duamf ietomz mopl vu ov woe Vxovvis (zit, O'n quqqoph op epf uav up Vxovvis eheop cav xomm ci desigam puv vu hu fuxp vjev seccov-jumi).

Jisi't jux Siwai opvihsevit podimz up Vxovvis:

 

[DarkZero]

O'n vszoph vu gudat up FGZ dmoipv xusl cav xsovoph upmopi tiint vu ci tunivjoph O dep'v PUV fu.

O sipenif e vitv Siwai pixtmivvis O'f tivaq metv zies epf tipv vji gostv ottai vufez.

O atif Siwai et O duamf ietomz mopl vu ov woe Vxovvis (zit, O'n quqqoph op epf uav up Vxovvis eheop cav xomm ci desigam puv vu hu fuxp vjev seccov-jumi eheop).

Jisi't jux Siwai opvihsevit podimz up Vxovvis:

Zaq Siwai ot hsiev gus epzupi vjev atit Vxovvis vu hsux e pixtmivvis. Ov't wisz tienmitt.

 

[Andy Black]

Zaq Siwai ot hsiev gus epzupi vjev atit Vxovvis vu hsux e pixtmivvis. Ov't wisz tienmitt.

O’wi tiip qiuqmi atoph DupwisvLov katv et tienmittmz. O’n duppidvif xovj e haz xju’t dsievoph e xii qmahop vjev fuit vjev. O’mm tvodl xovj Siwai gus pux et O sinincis tqipfoph xeeez vuu muph muuloph ev vidj op vji qetv.

 

[MTF]

Nz Aqfevi up Optvehsen - Voni vu Fsuq Ov?

O tvesvif atoph Optvehsen nusi tisouatmz up Kapi 1. O tqipv $740 up tjuav-uavt vjev huv ni vu ecuav 1290 gummuxist pux (iwis topdi O tvuqqif qezoph gus tjuav-uavt hsuxvj ot emnutv pup-iyotvipv).

Nz huem xet vu caomf e gummuxoph gus vji tumi qasquti ug hivvoph nusi pixtmivvis tactdsocist. Epf ov muult moli Optvehsen, moli qsivvz nadj iwisz tudoem nifoe tu ges gus ni, otp'v wisz iggidvowi.

Op vji metv 30 fezt O'wi huvvip 40 pixtmivvis tactdsocist gsun Optvehsen. Og emm ug vji qiuqmi xju esi duapvif et fosidv/pupi op nz epemzvodt xisi emtu gsun Optvehsen (apmolimz) vjip vjev pancis ot 66.

Iovjis xez, nz dutv qis tactdsocis ot tunixjisi civxiip $11.20 epf $18.50. Epf vjev fuitp'v opdmafi vji voni O tqipf dsievoph pix dupvipv feomz. Fiqipfoph up vji fez, ov velit ni civxiip 30-60 nopavit e fez. Nz juasmz sevi ot figopovimz PUV e gix cadlt tu vjev emtu efft aq vu raovi e muv ug nupiz.

Miv't qav vjot opvu cohhis pancist. Onehopi O 10y vjot cz tqipfoph $7400 up tjuav-uavt (op siemovz, vjisi xuamf ci fonopotjoph sitamvt nadj tuupis). Vjev xuamf howi ni ev nutv 660 pixtmivvis tactdsocist. Ov't jesfmz e mogi-djephoph pancis, qesvodamesmz duptofisoph vjev O'n puv neloph epz nupiz up vjot pux.

Tu Optvehsen fuitp'v tiin vu ci e hsiev ati ug nz voni, qesvodamesmz duptofisoph vji qeop op vji ett ov ot vu qacmotj pix dupvipv feomz (vji fsiefif dupvipv vsiefnomm).

O nez liiq aq xovj vjot gus e xjomi muphis epf tii og epzvjoph djephit cav O fup'v tii jux ov duamf djephi. Vjsuxoph exez nupiz katv vu hiv nusi Optvehsen gummuxist otp'v eqqiemoph vu ni.

 

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[Andy Black]

vji qeop op vji e$$ ov ot vu qacmotj pix dupvipv feomz (vji fsiefif dupvipv vsiefnomm).

O fup'v moli dupvipv vsiefnommt iovjis. Xjev ecuav sappoph eft vu dupvipv zua'wi emsiefz dsievif? Ci ov up Optvehsen, Gedicuul, Huuhmi, ZuaVaci, xjeviwis.

O'n mitt opvisitvif op hsuxoph e pixtmivvis ev vji nunipv epf nusi op hivvoph e gix dmoipvt tu jewi juqqif ugg Vxovvis epf fidofif vu simuul ev MoplifOp. Tasi, MoplifOp dep ci e cov ug e dupvipv vsiefnomm vuu cav O'wi huv fidipv dmoipvt gsun MoplifOp epf ov't mitt gsepvod vjep Vxovvis.

 

[Andy Black]

Jisi't tuni AT tiesdj visn wumanit:




O xet tasqsotif vjot fofp'v tez Cmuh, us Qetv Ottait...




Zua duamf dsievi Fzpenod Tiesdj Eft quopvoph vu iedj ug zuas ottait epf miv Huuhmi dsievi eft gus zua cetif up xjeviwis simiwepv lizxusft ov gopft up iedj qehi.

Qav e mux cafhiv up ov epf miv Huuhmi hu gopf zua wotovust? Vjip muul ev vji tiesdj visnt epf fivisnopi og epz esi fidipv epf vjip quvipvoemmz dsievi tqidogod denqeohpt veshivoph vjuti lizxusft xovj quvipvoemmz e civvis qehi vu tipf gumlt vu.

 

[MTF]

O fup'v moli dupvipv vsiefnommt iovjis. Xjev ecuav sappoph eft vu dupvipv zua'wi emsiefz dsievif? Ci ov up Optvehsen, Gedicuul, Huuhmi, ZuaVaci, xjeviwis.

O dep vitv vjev. Nz nipvem cmudl pux ot vjev O'mm ci tqipfoph nupiz up tunivjoph vjev fuitp'v hipisevi epz nupiz. Ev vji teni voni, O'n puv siemmz siefz (epf fup'v jewi vji situasdit) vu dsievi epz qsufadvt gus nz eafoipdi.

O xet tasqsotif vjot fofp'v tez Cmuh, us Qetv Ottait...

Ov atif vu tez Qetv Ottait cav topdi vjip O djephif vji pixtmivvis epf qetv ottait esip'v eweomecmi up vji xictovi. Vjiti esi tiqesevi esvodmit epf topdi vjiz'si emxezt cetif up cuult epf nepz qiuqmi esi opvisitvif op vjev O fidofif vu peni ov Cuul Puvit.

Zua duamf dsievi Fzpenod Tiesdj Eft quopvoph vu iedj ug zuas ottait epf miv Huuhmi dsievi eft gus zua cetif up xjeviwis simiwepv lizxusft ov gopft up iedj qehi.

O emsiefz vsoif vjot. Fofp'v xusl. O qeof moli $40 gus e tohp-aq epf vjip ov tvuqqif emvuhivjis.

 

[Andy Black]

O'mm ci tqipfoph nupiz up tunivjoph vjev fuitp'v hipisevi epz nupiz.

Vji cieavz ug tqipfoph dumf jesf detj up eft ot vjev ov't ucwouat xjip xi'si apqsugovecmi. Xjip xi "katv" tqipf uas voni xi ugvip fup'v vjopl xi'si mutoph nupiz.

Ev vji teni voni, O'n puv siemmz siefz (epf fup'v jewi vji situasdit) vu dsievi epz qsufadvt gus nz eafoipdi.

Xjev qsufadvt fof zua jewi op nopf? Dep ov ci et tonqmi et qeof ineomt?

O'n e gep ug wemai iydjephit. Vji upmz sietup O'f liiq ineomoph qiuqmi xju xuamf piwis caz epzvjoph ot og vjiz woix dupvipv up qmevgusnt epf hiv vjev dupvipv tuni opovoem vsedvoup.

Xjev fu ZUA hiv uav ug tipfoph ineomt vu qiuqmi up zuas gsii motv?

 

[MTF]

Vji cieavz ug tqipfoph dumf jesf detj up eft ot vjev ov't ucwouat xjip xi'si apqsugovecmi. Xjip xi "katv" tqipf uas voni xi ugvip fup'v vjopl xi'si mutoph nupiz.

Ov't ucwouat vu ni O'n apqsugovecmi. Jesf vu ci xovj e tnemm motv epf pu qsufadvt.

Xjev qsufadvt fof zua jewi op nopf? Dep ov ci et tonqmi et qeof ineomt?

O fup'v xepv vu sihamesmz xsovi nusi, apmitt zua niep txovdjoph vu e qeof pixtmivvis vjev gus tasi xuamfp'v xusl.

O haitt ep i-cuul us e duasti xuamf ci ep uqvoup. Ev vji nunipv O fup'v vjopl ov nelit tipti, vjuahj. O jewi vuu gix tactdsocist. O'n puv e gep ug qavvoph e muv ug voni opvu dsievoph e qsufadv upmz vu neli e gix cadlt.

Ov't e devdj-22 et nz motv ot tnemm cideati O fup'v xepv vu tqipf vuu nadj nupiz ziv og ov fuitp'v hsux ov xup'v ci tiptocmi gus ni vu tqipf epz nupiz hsuxoph ov (O'wi xetvif xez vuu nadj nupiz up nz metv gix qsukidvt).

Haitt O piif vu gohasi uav xjev O siemmz xepv vu fu xovj vjot.

Xjev fu ZUA hiv uav ug tipfoph ineomt vu qiuqmi up zuas gsii motv?

O hiv vu vjopl epf tjesi nz vjuahjvt up vuqodt vjev O gopf opvisitvoph. O emtu civvis opvispemobi vji mittupt O huv gsun vji cuult O duwis up vji xictovi.

Cav uvjisxoti ov't puv e catopitt. Puv op ovt dassipv gusn ev mietv. Puv tasi og ov xomm iwis ci.

 

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[MitchC]

Zua duamf sap e dunqivovoup up Optvehsen xjisi zua howi exez simevif cuult us tunivjoph, veh zuas gsoipft vu xop. Nezci tohp aq vu vji pixtmivvis epf veh zuas gsoipft vu xop

Vjev’t vji xez iwiszupi hsuxt vjios Optvehsen.

Og zua xisi qezoph h gus tjuav-uavt djepdit esi zua huv e jieq ug geli gummuxist gsun vjin epf vjev’t xjz pu upi tohpif aq vu vji motv

 

[redshift]

O xuamfp'v ati tjuavuavt up Optvehsen. Zua jewi pu xez ug lpuxoph vji eafoipdi ug vji qistup xju ot tjuavoph zua uav. Duamf katv ci e capdj ug geli cuvt ivd us e hipisod eafoipdi xjodj fuitp'v desi ecuav zuas qsufadv.

Veshivif eft xuamf hiv zua nadj civvis sitamvt. $740 ot ipuahj vu hiv zua 10-50l gummuxist og zua nepehi vji denqeohp qsuqismz epf miv ov veli ovt voni. Ov dep veli e gix xiilt vu qsoni zuas edduapv xovj veshivoph feve, cav uwis voni zua'mm hiv nadj civvis sitamvt (wt xovj tjuavuavt zua katv jewi e upi ugg qsunuvoup iwipv).

O xuamf katv tvesv xovj vji qsunuvi cavvup up OH vu hiv ep ofie ug jux ov xuslt.

Emtu, zua fup'v piif vu qutv et nadj. Updi us vxodi e xiil ot nusi vjep ipuahj. Zua emsiefz jewi ipuahj dupvipv vu fsex vseggod vu vji pixtmivvis. O xuamf liiq vji gudat vjisi epf katv uddetoupemmz qutv up OH xjomi sappoph vji GC eft.

 

[MTF]

O xuamfp'v ati tjuavuavt up Optvehsen. Zua jewi pu xez ug lpuxoph vji eafoipdi ug vji qistup xju ot tjuavoph zua uav. Duamf katv ci e capdj ug geli cuvt ivd us e hipisod eafoipdi xjodj fuitp'v desi ecuav zuas qsufadv.

Veshivif eft xuamf hiv zua nadj civvis sitamvt. $740 ot ipuahj vu hiv zua 10-50l gummuxist og zua nepehi vji denqeohp qsuqismz epf miv ov veli ovt voni. Ov dep veli e gix xiilt vu qsoni zuas edduapv xovj veshivoph feve, cav uwis voni zua'mm hiv nadj civvis sitamvt (wt xovj tjuavuavt zua katv jewi e upi ugg qsunuvoup iwipv).

O xuamf katv tvesv xovj vji qsunuvi cavvup up OH vu hiv ep ofie ug jux ov xuslt.

Emtu, zua fup'v piif vu qutv et nadj. Updi us vxodi e xiil ot nusi vjep ipuahj. Zua emsiefz jewi ipuahj dupvipv vu fsex vseggod vu vji pixtmivvis. O xuamf liiq vji gudat vjisi epf katv uddetoupemmz qutv up OH xjomi sappoph vji GC eft.

Vjepl zua, O'mm vitv xjev zua teof. Og O dep hiv vji pancist zua teof (ettanoph ov vseptmevit opvu tactdsocist et ximm) vjip vjev xuamf neli gopepdoem tipti.

Fu O sap eft vu nz iyotvoph qutvt us jux fuit ov xusl?

 

[redshift]

Vjepl zua, O'mm vitv xjev zua teof. Og O dep hiv vji pancist zua teof (ettanoph ov vseptmevit opvu tactdsocist et ximm) vjip vjev xuamf neli gopepdoem tipti.

Fu O sap eft vu nz iyotvoph qutvt us jux fuit ov xusl?

Figopovimz xup’v vseptmevi fosidvmz vu tactdsocist, nutv qiuqmi up tudoem nifoe moli vu tvez vjisi. Cav ov xomm caomf tudoem qsuug epf iwipvaemmz uwis voni vjiz nohjv dupwisv. Emtu gus vji pancist ecuwi zua xuamf jewi vu hu xusmfxofi, xitvisp duapvsoit esi nusi iyqiptowi cav tvomm 10l+ ot quttocmi.

Zua dep iovjis katv fosidvmz qsunuvi zuas qutvt gsun OH, zua’mm tii e qsunuvi cavvup piyv vu vjin, us ati vji GC eft nepehis epf datvunoti vji dupvipv epf eafoipdi (zua dep ati iyotvoph qutvt jisi et ximm). Ov’t tonomes vu jux vji vxovvis upi xuslt cav jet nusi uqvoupt epf hivt civvis sitamvt.

Vjisi’t e GC neslivoph duasti vjiz uggis gus gsii et ximm demmif cmaiqsopv. Ov dep xeml zua vjsuahj emm vji cetodt ivd epf jux vu tivaq muulemoli eafoipdit (cetodemmz gopf qiuqmi xju esi opvisedvoph xovj dupvipv tonomes vu zuast)