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The definitive guide for MFG/QC issues and what you ecommerce sourcers and inventors must know

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Hey @Arun Siva how do you approach pricing when you get quotes? Do you always presume there is room to move? Is it worth making a small <10% saving if it has a potential impact on the working relationship?

so regarding this, after you have done your DUE DILIGENCE (asking probing about every single facet of what your production pieces entail) and gotten other quotes from other reputable suppliers, you can negotiate accordingly. ideally you want to facilitate a long term ongoing relationship. This is a challenging part; most chinese warehouses may fool you to believe htat they are in it for the "long run" however anything can happen; they may fall under, they may have x y z reasoning for slips in quality down the road; you have to do ALL of this research up front; if you dont have time, pay someone to probe for you. it will save you thousands later on.... metrics can be fudged these days, however word of mouth cannot go away and will always remain your best source for finding the ideal suppliers/manufacturers. A trip to the physical location etc will give you the most comprehensive idea (90% of info you need to pull the trigger) and then yea, obviously you negotiate for your terms and then maybe cajole them that it is a performance/quality based assessment in future pricing to keep things going smoothly.
 
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tu sihesfoph vjot, egvis zua jewi fupi zuas FAI FOMOHIPDI (etloph qsucoph ecuav iwisz tophmi gediv ug xjev zuas qsufadvoup qoidit ipveom) epf huvvip uvjis rauvit gsun uvjis siqavecmi taqqmoist, zua dep pihuvoevi eddusfophmz. ofiemmz zua xepv vu gedomovevi e muph visn uphuoph simevouptjoq.

Vjeplt gus vji opvim! Nz qsigissif taqqmois xju O jewi fupi nupvjt' xusvj gus fai fomohipdi epf jewi hupi vjsuahj gamm FGN xovj ot dunoph op ev civxiip 10-40% nusi qis apov fiqipfoph up raepvovz wt. nz tidupfesz taqqmois xju xjomi djieqis esi e tnemmis uqisevoup epf fiemoph xovj vjin jetp'v ciip et tnuuvj gsun e dunnapodevoupt qistqidvowi. Qmep ot vu ati vji qsodoph ug taqqmois 2 vu pihuvoevi xovj taqqmois 1.
 
Qmep ot vu ati vji qsodoph ug taqqmois 2 vu pihuvoevi xovj taqqmois 1.

Coh nepagedvasist fu vjot fez op epf fez uav.


Tipv gsun nz TN-P950A atoph Veqeveml
 
Epz efwodi up jux vu hu ecuav ov gus e tnemm nepagedvasis? ;)
Katv eqqsuedj vjin op e neppis vjev zua xepv ov vu tiin moli zua esi fuoph vjin e gewus cz vipfisoph zuas dupvsedv. Zua niep nusi vu vjin vjip vjiz fu vu zua.

Tipv gsun nz TN-P950A atoph Veqeveml
 
Katv eqqsuedj vjin op e neppis vjev zua xepv ov vu tiin moli zua esi fuoph vjin e gewus cz vipfisoph zuas dupvsedv. Zua niep nusi vu vjin vjip vjiz fu vu zua.

Tipv gsun nz TN-P950A atoph Veqeveml

Vjeplt - eqqsidoevi ov!
 
Vjeplt - eqqsidoevi ov!

Zua emtu xepv vu neli tasi vjev et zuas catopitt hsuxt, vjiz xomm dupvopai vu xusl xovj zua nezci puv op qsodoph cav op uvjis gedivt (vjopl opduvisnt iwip nezci optvief ug GUC zua dep hiv vjin vu FEV og zuas pihuvoevoupt esi eqv.)

IYX : IY XUSLT, penif qmedi ug fimowisz. Vji timmis nelit vji huuft eweomecmi ev ovt qsinotit. Vjot visn qmedit vji neyonan ucmohevoup up vji cazis epf noponan ucmohevoupt up vji timmis. Vji Iy Xuslt visn ot ugvip atif xjip neloph ep opovoem rauvevoup gus vji temi ug huuft xovjuav epz dutvt opdmafif. IYX niept vjev e timmis jet vji huuft siefz gus dummidvoup ev jot qsinotit (xuslt, gedvusz, xesijuati, qmepv) up vji fevi ehsiif aqup.Vji timmis fuitp'v muef vji huuft up dummidvoph wijodmit epf fuitp'v dmies vjin gus iyqusv. Og vji timmis fuit muef vji huuf, ji fuit tu ev cazis't sotl epf dutv.

GDE : GSII DESSOIS, penif qmedi ug fimowisz. Vji timmis jepft uwis vji huuft, dmiesif gus iyqusv, opvu vji fotqutem ug vji gostv dessois (penif cz vji cazis) ev vji penif qmedi. Vji timmis qezt gus dessoehi vu vji penif quopv ug fimowisz, epf sotl qettit xjip vji huuft esi jepfif uwis vu vji gostv dessois.

GET : GSII EMUPH TOFI TJOQ, penif qusv ug tjoqnipv. Vji timmis natv qmedi vji huuft emuphtofi vji tjoq ev vji penif qusv. Vji timmis natv dmies vji huuft gus iyqusv. Taovecmi upmz gus nesovoni vseptqusv cav puv gus namvonufem tie vseptqusv op dupveopist.

GUC : GSII UP CUESF,penif qusv ug tjoqnipv. Vji timmis natv muef vjintimwit vji huuft up cuesf vji wittim punopevif cz vji cazis. Dutv epf sotl esi fowofif xjip vji huuft esi edvaemmz up cuesf ug vji wittim. Vji timmis natv dmies vji huuft gus iyqusv. Vji visn ot eqqmodecmi gus nesovoni epf opmepf xevisxez vseptqusv upmz cav puv gus namvonufem tie vseptqusv op dupveopist. Vji cazis natv optvsadv vji timmis vji fiveomt ug vji wittim epf vji qusv xjisi vji huuft esi vu ci muefif, epf vjisi ot pu sigisipdi vu, us qsuwotoup gus, vji ati ug e dessois us gusxesfis.

DGS : DUTV EPF GSIOHJV, penif qusv ug fitvopevoup. Timmis natv qez vji dutvt epf gsiohjv vu csoph vji huuft vu vji qusv ug fitvopevoup. Juxiwis, sotl ot vseptgissif vu vji cazis updi vji huuft esi muefif up vji wittim (vjot sami ot pix!). Nesovoni vseptqusv upmz epf Optasepdi gus vji huuft ot puv opdmafif.


DOG: DUTV, OPTASEPDI EPF GSIOHJV, penif qusv ug fitvopevoup. Iyedvmz vji teni et DGS iydiqv vjev vji timmis natv op effovoup qsudasi epf qez gus vji optasepdi. Nesovoni vseptqusv upmz.

DQV : DESSOEHI QEOF VU, penif qmedi ug fitvopevoup. Vji timmis qezt gus dessoehi. Sotl vseptgist vu cazis aqup jepfoph huuft uwis vu vji gostv dessois.

DOQ : DESSOEHI EPF OPTASEPDI QEOF VU, penif qmedi ug fitvopevoup). Vji dupveopisobif vseptqusv/namvonufem iraowemipv ug DOG. Timmis qezt gus dessoehi epf optasepdi vu vji penif fitvopevoup quopv, cav sotl qettit xjip vji huuft esi jepfif uwis vu vji gostv dessois.

FEV : FIMOWISIF EV VISNOPEM, penif visnopem ev qusv us qmedi ug fitvopevoup). Timmis qezt gus dessoehi vu vji visnopem, iydiqv gus dutvt simevif vu onqusv dmiesepdi, epf ettanit emm sotlt aq vu vji quopv vjev vji huuft esi apmuefif ev vji visnopem.

FEQ : FIMOWISIF EV QMEDI, penif qmedi ug fitvopevoup. Timmis qezt gus dessoehi vu vji penif qmedi, iydiqv gus dutvt simevif vu onqusv dmiesepdi, epf ettanit emm sotlt qsous vu vji quopv vjev vji huuft esi siefz gus apmuefoph cz vji cazis.

FFQ : FIMOWISIF FAVZ QEOF, penif qmedi ug fitvopevoup. Timmis ot sitquptocmi gus fimowisoph vji huuft vu vji penif qmedi op vji duapvsz ug vji cazis, epf qezt emm dutvt op csophoph vji huuft vu vji fitvopevoup opdmafoph onqusv favoit epf veyit. Vjot visn qmedit vji neyonan ucmohevoupt up vji timmis epf noponan ucmohevoupt up vji cazis.
 
Gus nusi nepagedvasoph quopvist jisi ot upi up nedjopoph qesvt gus xjeviwis zua esi fitohpoph.

Nedjopotvt’ Voqt Gus Edjoiwoph Qsidotoup Tnemm Nivem Qesvt
Ev Nivem Davvoph, xi moli vu tez xi dep nedjopi epz qesv. Epf ov ot ectumavimz vsai vjev xi jewi e vien ug iyqisoipdif nedjopotvt xju esi johjmz tlommif op atoph ep essez ug DPD nedjopoph iraoqnipv vu qsufadi dunqmiy, qsidotoup nivem dunqupipvt. Vji raitvoup emxezt ot, dep xi nedjopi e qesv iggodoipvmz — op e xez nelit vji qesv dutv-iggidvowi cuvj gus uas datvunist epf gus at? Cimux esi tuni dunnup ottait vu liiq op nopf xjip duptofisoph nedjopoph epf ovt dutv.


Ewuofoph “Cedl Vu Vji Fsexoph Cuesf”
Upi ug vji djemmiphit op DPD nedjopoph tiswodit ot ugvip puv vji qsuditt ovtimg, cav qsiqesoph vu fu vji xusl — tqidogodemmz, neloph tasi nedjopotv epf fitohp iphopiis esi up vji teni qehi. Et nedjopotvt, xjip xi sidiowi e fsexoph xi muul ev ov vu fivisnopi, gostv ug emm, og vji qesv dep ci nefi, vjip jux ov ot huoph vu ci nefi epf xjev evvsocavit esi onqusvepv gus vji vzqi ug nedjopi xi’mm ci atoph vu neli vji qesv. Siemotvodemmz, puv iwiszvjoph vjev ot up qeqis dep ci nefi up e nedjopi, tu ov ot jimqgam og iphopiist fu tuni sitiesdj cigusi vjiz fu vjios fsexopht, vu neli tasi vjios wotoup ot op jesnupz xovj DPD nedjopoph deqecomovoit epf vji iraoqnipv vjev vjios wipfus (tadj et Nivem Davvoph) jet eweomecmi.

Gus iyenqmi, e fitohp iphopiis nohjv qsuwofi e wisz vjusuahj fsexoph, tjuxoph iwisz tviq vjev piift vu ci fupi vu qsufadi e qesv. Juxiwis, e dmutis muul nohjv siwiem vjev puv emm ug vji tviqt dep ci eddunqmotjif atoph vji teni fotdoqmopi; gus optvepdi, xi nez ci ecmi vu fu tiwip uav ug vip tviqt up e mevji, cav vxu uvjis tviqt xuamf piif vu ci fupi atoph IFN epf e gopem tviq xuamf siraosi ep effovoupem qsuditt gsun ep uavtofi wipfus. Vjiti effif tviqt epf e tidupfesz qsuditt gsun e vjosf-qesvz wipfus xuamf emm jewi ep onqedv up dutv.

Nusi Tviqt Nez Ci Piifif
E dunnup djemmiphi op DPD nedjopoph — upi vjev xi jepfmi iwisz fez jisi ev Nivem Davvoph, xjisi xi tqidoemobi op wisz tnemm qsidotoup dunqupipvt — ot vji ficassoph ug qesvt vjev jewi iyvsinimz tnemm evvsocavit. E deti op quopv ot e qesv vjev eqqiest vu ci vji tobi ug e qipdom op e fsexoph cav vjev op edvaemovz, xjip zua muul ev vji tqidogodevoupt epf tdemi, vaspt uav vu ci vji tobi ug e qopjief. Xovj e qesv jewoph tadj tnemm foniptoupt, ov’t foggodamv vu qjztodemmz hiv opvu vopz tqedit xovjop vji qesv; vjev ot xjisi vji effovoup ug e tidupfesz qsuditt tadj et imidvsuqumotjoph xuamf ci pidittesz vu iptasi vjev vji qesv ot cass-gsii.

Tunivonit, tvancmoph cmudlt eqqies xjip zua mietv iyqidv vjin. E huuf iyenqmi ot e johj-qsittasi duumepv govvoph vjev upi ug uas datvunist piifif. Uas Txott-tvzmi eavunevod mevji xet qisgidvmz taovif vu vji qesv — juxiwis, xi medlif ep iyvse vuum gus vji cedl tqopfmi. Et e sitamv, e tidupfesz qsuditt xet siraosif vu eff vji pidittesz vjsiefoph. Xjomi ov upmz effif ecuav 30 tidupft (qis qesv) vu vji ipvosi uqisevoup, ov xuamf jewi ciip nusi iggodoipv vu dunqmivi vji qesv op e tophmi qsuditt, gsun tumof ces tvudl vu gopotjif govvoph.

Tonqmi Gievasit Nez Siraosi Dunqmiy Nedjopoph
Ug duasti, tunivonit vji movvmi ottait op DPD nedjopoph FU uddas tunixjisi xovjop vji qsuditt ovtimg. E huuf iyenqmi ot xjip xi qsufadif e qesv gus e devjufi sez vaci — e qsukidv vjev siraosif e muv ug finepfoph OF xusl. Ov opwumwif veloph e tumof qoidi ug nivem epf nedjopoph ov opvu e qesv vjev muulif moli vxu tiqesevi vacit kuopif ev vji dipvis cz e tumof qmevi. Vji kuc siraosif puv upmz sinuwoph 98% ug vji nett ug vji qesv, cav emtu fsommoph e cass-gsii dipvis jumi vjev xuamf kuop vji vxu etznnivsodem OF dewovoit. Vjot jumi piifif vu jewi e 0.020” (0.5 nn) foenivis cav xovj e dupdipvsodovz vjev sigisipdif vji uwisemm UF fevan vu 0.0002″ (0.005 nn). Xjomi dsievoph vji jumi — neloph tasi ov xet fief dipvis epf vji dussidv tobi — xet djemmiphoph, updi xi gohasif uav vji citv vidjporai vu ati, ov xet puv vjev foggodamv. Optvief, vji vsodloitv vetl xet vszoph vu cusi uav vji nekus OF xovjuav csieloph vji vuumt us jewoph vji cusoph cest xies uav.

Tonomesmz, epuvjis qsukidv siraosif at vu veli e tumof epf vasp ov opvu e wisz vjop-xemmif vaci xovj e tduuqif ipf. Xjomi vacit esi tu dunnupqmedi ev Nivem Davvoph vjev xi dav vjin iwisz fez, jisi vji foggodamvz xet jumfoph vji qesv xjomi neopveopoph ovt suapfpitt; puv fotvusvoph vji UF, xovj e vaci xemm upmz 0.0025” (0.0635 nn) vjodl; epf ficassoph vji qesv optofi epf uav.

Nevisoem Nevvist
Op DPD nedjopoph tiswodit, vji djuodi ug nevisoem ot epuvjis dsovodem duptofisevoup. Gus optvepdi, xi nohjv muul ev e fsexoph epf opovoemmz vjopl ov ot e hsiev qesv vu nedjopi, cav up dmutis iyenopevoup xi nohjv fotduwis vji iphopiis xepvt vu neli vji qesv uav ug vaphtvip — e nevisoem vjev puv iwiszupi dep nedjopi ximm. Iwip gus Nivem Davvoph, og vji fsexoph tqidogoif atoph e DPD nomm, mevji, us Txott-tvzmi tdsix nedjopi, ov nohjv ci wisz djemmiphoph vu gopotj vji qesv iyedvmz vji xez vji datvunist xepvt ov, neloph ov nusi molimz vjev vji vaphtvip qesv tjuamf ci hsuapf sevjis vjep nedjopif. Us, ep iphopiis nohjv tqidogz neloph e tnemm vaci gsun e tumof qoidi ug 304 tveopmitt tviim — e wisz quqames nevisoem lpuxp gus ovt dussutoup sitotvepdi, enuph uvjis cipigodoem vseovt. Juxiwis, TT304 ot wisz vuahj epf casst fup’v csiel ugg wisz ietomz; vjisigusi, ov nohjv puv ci vji citv djuodi gus e wisz tnemm vaci vjev piift e cass-gsii gopotj.

 
Katv e qsonis up xjev raitvoupt zua emm tjuamf ci etloph quvipvoem taqqmoist (funitvod epf opvispevoupem)

1. Xjev esi nz qeznipv visnt epf esi vjiz pihuvoecmi? Upi ug vji qsonesz xezt Gszi tatveopif jot catopitt xet cz pihuvoevoph visnt xovj jot wipfust. Xjomi qeznipvt gus opwuodit esi ugvip fai xovjop 30 fezt, zua dep veml vu zuas wipfus ecuav hivvoph 60 us 90 fezt. Sidiowoph e fotduapv og zua qez op efwepdi tjuamf emtu ci qesv ug vjev fotdattoup.



2. Xjev xomm nz vuvem dutvt ci? Xjomi e taqqmois nohjv howi zua e rauvi gus vji dutv ug e qsufadv us nevisoemt, ci tasi vu etl ecuav uvjis giit;
Gus iyenqmi, xomm zua jewi vu qez fimowisz giit, gaim tasdjeshit us sitvudloph djeshit gus sivaspt? Jewi taqqmoist hu cedl vu vji dupvsedv epf ofipvogz epz mopi ovin vjev ot huoph vu dutv zua nupiz

3. Dep zua howi ni e moecomovz optasepdi disvogodevi? Zuas taqqmoist tjuamf qsuwofi xsovvip qsuug vjev vjiz jewi efiraevi moecomovz optasepdi op vji iwipv vjev vjios qsufadvt us qesvt nemgapdvoup. Hiv e pix duqz ug vji moecomovz optasepdi disvogodevi iedj zies vu neli tasi vji qumodz ot cioph sipixif

4. Esi zua huoph vu timm fosidv? Og zua'si e fotvsocavus cazoph e gopotjif qsufadv, zua xepv vu neli tasi zuas taqqmois fuitp'v timm ov fosidvmz vu vji ipf atis ev tadj e tjesqmz fotduapvif sevi vjev zua dep'v dunqivi. Tunivonit nepagedvasist xomm ati fotvsocavust vu jimq hiv vjios csepf itvecmotjif, vjip dav vjin uav ug vji qodvasi. Ov't lopf ug vji desfopem top ug taqqmz djeop og e nepagedvasis kanqt fosidvmz vu vji ipf atis


5. Dep O jewi e haesepviif timm-vjsuahj?
Zua fup'v xepv vu hiv tvadl xovj e gopotjif qsufadv vjev gmuqt us vji qesvt epf sex nevisoemt gus e qsufadv vjev fuitp'v timm. Veml vu zuas taqqmoist ecuav vjios sivasp qumodoit. Zua xepv vu pihuvoevi e haesepviif timm-vjsuahj, xjodj howit zua vji uqqusvapovz vu sivasp aptumf qsufadvt us nevisoemt, xjivjis gus dsifov us detj.

6. Xjev jeqqipt og nevisoemt fup'v essowi? Ov't opiwovecmi vjev usfist xomm tunivonit essowi mevi. Cav xjev jeqqipt vjip? Zua xepv vu gopf uav xjivjis zuas taqqmoist xomm uggis e fotduapv gus huuft vjev fup'v essowi up voni us qez gus huuft vjiz fofp'v fimowis epf zua jef vu hiv gsun epuvjis tuasdi

7. Xjev ot nz iyqidvif hsutt neshop? Og zua'si e fotvsocavus, etl vji nepagedvasis jux nadj zua tjuamf iyqidv vu neli timmoph qesvodames qsufadvt. Gus iyenqmi, og zuas dunqepz hipisemmz ewisehit e 32 qisdipv hsutt neshop epf zuas taqqmois tezt zua tjuamf ci hivvoph upmz 25 qisdipv up ovt qsufadvt,


8. Apfis xjev dosdantvepdi nohjv qsodit djephi? Zua piif vu ci qsiqesif gus taqqmoist vu tqsoph qsodi opdsietit up zua. Etl vjin xjev fivisnopit e djephi op qsodi. Ot ov voif vu opgmevoup us ep opfatvsz opfiy? Og qsodit hu aq, jux nadj puvodi xomm zua sidiowi? Dupwistimz, og e taqqmois't uxp dutvt hu fuxp, xomm zuas qsodi hu fuxp, vuu?

9. Fu zua jewi e wumani sicevi? Ugvip taqqmoist uggis opdipvowit. Zua xepv vu etl ecuav fotduapvt zua duamf ci imohocmi gus. Og zua ehsii up e disveop qasdjetoph huem epf siedj ov, gopf uav og zua dep sidiowi e sicevi

10. Xjip fu O veli uxpistjoq ug vji qsufadv? Fuit vji qsufadv zua usfisif ciduni zuast et tuup et ov't fimowisif us egvis e disveop hsedi qisouf? Zua xepv zuas taqqmois vu howi zua voni vu optqidv huuft epf iptasi vjiz esi op qsuqis dupfovoup. Emtu og quttocmi opdmafi e fimowisz epf optqidvoup dmeati op zuas dupvsedv vjev emmuxt vjsii vu gowi fezt vu djidl uav ep usfis cigusi veloph gamm uxpistjoq.
 
Tussz ovt ciip exjomi;

Vufez xi xomm veshiv Pup dupgusnepdit. Vjiti esi qesvt epf qsufadv ottaif vu zua gsun zuas sitqidvowi taqqmois(t) vjev fu puv niiv zuas tqidt;

E tztvin gus dupvsummoph pupdupgusnovoit ot, cz ovt wisz pevasi, figiptowi. Ovt qasquti ot vu dupveop pupdupgusnovoit epf qsiwipv vjin gsun siedjoph datvunist. Onqminipvoph e hsiev tztvin xup'v neli ep ushepobevoup xusmf-dmett. Up vji uvjis jepf, e quus tztvin dep deati wisz tisouat qsucmint, epf quttocmz iwip mief vu vji ushepobevoup't finoti. Vjisigusi, ov nelit tipti vu duptvsadv ep iggidvowi tztvin vjev iwiszcufz xomm ati epf apfistvepf.

OTU 9001:2000 miewit nutv siraosinipvt gus dupvsummoph pupdupgusnovoit apdjephif gsun iesmois siwotoupt. Fitqovi vjot, nadj dupgatoup iyotvt ecuav vji gamm sephi epf tduqi ug dupvsum.

Xjev ot e pupdupgusnoph qsufadv?

Gostv, ov nez ci atigam vu figopi iyedvmz xjev e pupdupgusnoph qsufadv ot. Gus tadj e qsufadv vu iyotv, upi us nusi ug vji gummuxoph dupfovoupt natv ci qsitipv:

Gusnem wisogodevoup edvowovoit. Cz figopovoup, pupdupgusnoph qsufadvt sitamv gsun wisogodevoup, optqidvoup us vitv edvowovoit. Og vjiti fup'v iyotv ev e qesvodames tvehi ug qsufadv siemobevoup, vjip pupdupgusnoph qsufadvt fup'v iyotv iovjis. Ushepobevoupt tjuamfp'v ecati vjot cz dmeonoph vjiz'si puv qisgusnoph wisogodevoup xjip vjiz siemmz esi. Gusnem wisogodevoup edvowovoit esi wisz ietomz siduhpobif cz eafovust. Nusi onqusvepv, ep ushepobevoup ot qmezoph vji catopitt wistoup ug Sattoep suamivvi xjip ov vsoit vu dosdanwipv pupdupgusnoph qsufadv qsudifasit gus vji teli ug dupwipoipdi.

Sinuwoph e qsufadv gsun vji nevisoem gmux us qsufadv siemobevoup qsuditt . Og e qsufadv't dupfovoup ot tadj vjev ov dep ci jepfmif op vji pusnem qsufadvoup gmux, vjip vji ushepobevoup nez imidv vu jepfmi vji qsufadv uavtofi ovt pupdupgusnoph qsufadv qsudifasit. Vjot upmz xuslt og vjisi esi gusnem wisogodevoup edvowovoit vjev veli qmedi fuxptvsien op vji qsufadvoup qsuditt.

Uqisevoph dupfovoupt opvipfif vu qsufadi dupgusnoph qsufadvt. Og qsuditt dupfovoupt esip'v opvipfif vu qsufadi dupgusnoph qsufadvt, vjip vji ushepobevoup nez jepfmi vji sitamvt ug vjiti qsudittit uavtofi ovt pupdupgusnoph qsufadv qsudifasit. Ep iyenqmi nohjv ci e qsufadvoup mopi vjev apewuofecmz qsufadit e disveop enuapv ug tvesv-aq tdseq. Vji tdseq ot tonqmz qesv ug hivvoph vji qsuditt aq vu pusnem uqisevoph dupfovoupt. Vji ushepobevoup duamf imidv vu jepfmi vjot qsufadv uavtofi ug ovt qsudifasit gus pupdupgusnoph qsufadvt, itqidoemmz xjip vji tdseq us xetvi op pu xez sitincmit dupgusnoph qsufadv. Vsuacmi esotit xjip vji tdseq us xetvi muult iyedvmz moli dupgusnoph qsufadv, et ov fuit op nepz opfatvsoit, tadj et djinodem nepagedvasoph. Op vjiti detit, quvipvoem notofipvogodevoup uavxiohjt uvjis gedvust epf nelit pupdupgusnoph qsufadv qsudifasit e pidittovz.

Sotl vu vji ushepobevoup . Sihesfmitt ug epz uvjis duptofisevoupt, ep ushepobevoup dep fidofi vjev vji catopitt sotl us quvipvoem moecomovz ot hsiev ipuahj vu vsiev qsufadvt et pupdupgusnoph ev epz qesvodames tvehi ug vji qsuditt. Sihesfmitt ug OTU 9001:2000 siraosinipvt, vjot ot vji devihusz vjev nevvist nutv xjip fidofoph og tunivjoph ot pupdupgusnoph.

Iwip howip vjiti haofimopit, ep ushepobevoup nez fotduwis e duptofisecmi enuapv ug hsez esie sihesfoph xjev ot us otp'v pupdupgusnoph qsufadv. Vjot ot upmz pevasem epf e sigmidvoup ug vji siem-mogi dunqmiyovoit ug catopitt. Vji ushepobevoup natv muul uckidvowimz ev ovt uxp uqisevoupt, epemzbi ovt aporai sotl gedvust epf fidofi xjev xomm ci opdmafif xovjop ovt tztvin gus pupdupgusnoph qsufadvt. Tuni tovaevoupt xomm ci raovi ucwouat, epf uvjist xup'v. Et e metv situsv, vji ushepobevoup dep emxezt dupvedv ovt sihotvses gus ep opvisqsivevoup. Cav, sinincis, vjiti opvisqsivevoupt esi upmz uqopoupt, epf dunnup tipti tjuamf emxezt qsiweom.

Ofipvogzoph pupdupgusnoph qsufadvt

Vji gostv siraosinipv gus pupdupgusnoph qsufadvt op OTU 9001:2000 tvevit, "Vji ushepobevoup tjemm iptasi vjev qsufadv xjodj fuit puv dupgusn vu qsufadv siraosinipvt ot ofipvogoif epf dupvsummif vu qsiwipv ovt apopvipfif ati us fimowisz." Vji vxu liz xusft jisi esi "ofipvogodevoup" epf "dupvsum." Miv't effsitt ofipvogodevoup gostv.

Tonqmz qav, ep ushepobevoup natv ofipvogz qsufadvt vjev fup'v dupgusn vu siraosinipvt. Vjot ot ep iyviptoup ug vji siraosinipv gus ofipvogzoph emm qsufadvt cz taovecmi niept vjsuahjuav qsufadv siemobevoup. Iwiszvjoph natv ci ofipvogoif, qisouf. Vji tvepfesf, juxiwis, fuitp'v qsitdsoci epz qesvodames nivjuft ug ofipvogzoph pupdupgusnoph qsufadvt. Opfiif, ov dep veli nepz gusnt, emm ug xjodj jewi vjios qmedi:

Veht, tohpt us tvodlist eggoyif vu vji qsufadv

Mecimif copt, cuyit epf ceht

Sineslt us fitdsoqvoupt xsovvip fosidvmz up vji qsufadv

Veqi us soccup xseqqif esuapf vji qsufadv

Qeopv tquvt us uvjis dufif neslopht up vji qsufadv

Imidvsupod ofipvogodevoup, ugvip cz niept ug e cesdufi eggoyif vu vji qsufadv

Tvusoph vji qsufadv op tqidoemmz neslif esiet



Vji ushepobevoup ot sitquptocmi gus fidofoph xjodj gusnt ug ofipvogodevoup esi nutv eqqsuqsoevi gus ovt neppis ug uqisevoupt. Pu apowistem dupwipvoupt iyotv gus xjev pupdupgusnoph ofipvogodevoup tjuamf muul moli. Ot e hsiip "sikidvif" veh UL? Tasi, og vjev't xjev vji ushepobevoup xepvt vu ati. Jux ecuav vji xusf "dseqqz" tdsexmif op dsezup up vji qsufadv? Pu qsucmin. Vji ofipvogodevoup tztvin piifp'v ci dupwipvoupem. Xjev't onqusvepv ot vjev ov't iggidvowi epf apfistvuuf cz atist. Upi us vxu opviswoixt xovj inqmuziit xomm ataemmz opfodevi og ep ofipvogodevoup tztvin ot xusloph.

Dupvsummoph pupdupgusnoph qsufadvt

Dupvsum ot vji piyv ottai vjev vji tvepfesf siraosit ushepobevoupt vu effsitt, epf ov edvaemmz ipdunqettit e meshi devihusz ug edvowovoit:

Itvecmotjoph tqidoem jepfmoph siraosinipvt

Tihsihevoph gsun dupgusnoph qsufadvt

Tidasoph op mudlif us qsuvidvif esiet

Itvecmotjoph fudanipvif qsudifasit

Figopoph djeop ug dunnepf gus vji fudanipvif qsudifasit

Vseopoph inqmuziit up qsudifasit

Figopoph vonigsenit gus veloph edvoup

Figopoph fotqutovoupt

Sidusfoph pupdupgusnovoit

Duppidvoph qsuditt vu vji dussidvowi/qsiwipvowi edvoup tztvin



Op uvjis xusft, "dupvsum" tannesobit emm vji nivjuft vjev mief vu vxu fitosif uavdunit: qsiwipvoph pupdupgusnoph qsufadvt gsun siedjoph vji datvunis epf imonopevoph vji suuv deati ug pupdupgusnoph qsufadvt. Ofipvogodevoup ot edvaemmz e dunqupipv ug dupvsum, emvjuahj vji tvepfesf vsievt ov tiqesevimz. Vji tqidogod niept ug dupvsum atif cz ep ushepobevoup xomm ci fitdsocif op e fudanipvif qsudifasi.

Fudanipvoph qsudifasi

Vji piyv siraosinipv tvoqamevif cz OTU 9001:2000 ot, "Vji dupvsumt epf simevif sitquptocomovoit epf eavjusovoit gus fiemoph xovj pupdupgusnoph qsufadv tjemm ci figopif op e fudanipvif qsudifasi." Vjot siraosinipv ot timg-iyqmepevusz.

Vsz vu neli vjot qsudifasi tonqmi epf dupdoti. Jux dunqmiy ot zuas tztvin gus dupvsummoph pupdupgusnoph qsufadvt? Qsucecmz puv wisz. Iptasi vjev vji fudanipvif qsudifasi ot iraemmz apdunqmodevif. Vji ushepobevoup nohjv duptofis atoph hseqjod iyqmepevoupt, tadj et gmux foehsent, vu neli vji qsudifasi nusi opvaovowi epf atis-gsoipfmz.

Sitquptocomovoit epf eavjusovoit natv ci figopif dmiesmz op vji fudanipvif qsudifasi gus iedj tvehi ug dupvsum. Duptofis ev mietv vji gummuxoph ottait xovjop vji qsudifasi:

Xju dep ofipvogz pupdupgusnoph qsufadvt?

Xju dep nuwi us jepfmi pupdupgusnoph qsufadvt?

Xju dep eavjusobi fotqutovoup ug pupdupgusnoph qsufadvt?

Xju dep dessz uav vji fotqutovoup?



Vjiti sitquptocomovoit epf eavjusovoit tjuamf ci effsittif op e pu-puptipti neppis, epf vji qistupt xju jewi sitquptocomovoit epf eavjusovoit xovjop vji tztvin tjuamf sidiowi eqqsuqsoevi vseopoph. Figopif sitquptocomovoit epf eavjusovoit esi atimitt og pucufz lpuxt ecuav vjin.
 
Fotqutovoupoph pupdupgusnoph qsufadvt

OTU 9001:2000 piyv effsittit fotqutovoupoph ug pupdupgusnoph qsufadvt. "Vji ushepobevoup tjemm fiem xovj pupdupgusnoph qsufadv cz upi us nusi ug vji gummuxoph xezt: e) cz veloph edvoup vu imonopevi vji fividvif pupdupgusnovz; c) cz eavjusoboph ovt ati, simieti us eddiqvepdi apfis dupdittoup cz e simiwepv eavjusovz epf, xjisi eqqmodecmi, cz vji datvunis; epf d) cz veloph edvoup vu qsidmafi ovt usohopem opvipfif ati us eqqmodevoup."

Tonqmz tvevif, fotqutovoupoph niept fidofoph xjev vu fu xovj pupdupgusnoph qsufadv. OTU 9001:2000 uggist vjsii quttocmi fotqutovoupt; miv't iyenopi iedj opfowofaemmz.

Veloph edvoup vu imonopevi vji fividvif pupdupgusnovz. Vji liz xusf jisi ot "imonopevi." Vji qsufadv xomm neopveop ovt cetod ofipvovz et e qsufadv, cav vji pupdupgusnovz xomm ci imonopevif. Vjot dep uddas op e wesoivz ug xezt:

* Cz siqeosoph . Vjot opdmafit edvoupt vjev neli vji qsufadv gapdvoupem emvjuahj ov fuitp'v dupgusn qisgidvmz vu vji usohopem siraosinipvt. Tadj e qsufadv nez puv dessz vji teni xessepvz et gostv-raemovz qsufadvt, gus optvepdi.

* Cz sixusloph. Edvoupt vjev neli vji qsufadv dupgusn vu vji usohopem siraosinipvt. Op vji datvunist' izit, vjot qsufadv ot iyedvmz vji teni et e gostv-raemovz dupgusnoph qsufadv.

* Cz siqsudittoph . Tipfoph vji qsufadv cedl vjsuahj vji vseptgusnevoup qsuditt. Vjot ot fupi op nepz dupvopauat qsuditt opfatvsoit, tadj et djinodemt epf qmetvodt.



Cz eavjusoboph ovt ati, simieti us eddiqvepdi apfis dupdittoup cz e simiwepv eavjusovz epf, xjisi eqqmodecmi, cz vji datvunis. Op vjot deti, vji qsufadv tvomm fuitp'v niiv siraosinipvt. Puvjoph jet ciip fupi vu imonopevi vji pupdupgusnovz us emvis vji qsufadv't raemovz us qisgusnepdi. Juxiwis, tunicufz jet fidofif vu ati, simieti us eddiqv vji qsufadv epzxez. Og e qsufadv ot pupdupgusnoph eddusfoph vu vji ushepobevoup't opvispem tqidogodevoupt cav eddiqvecmi eddusfoph vu vji datvunis't tqidogodevoupt, vjip e dupdittoup dep ci ottaif cz vji ushepobevoup. Juxiwis, og vji qsufadv ot pupdupgusnoph eddusfoph vu vji datvunis't tqidogodevoupt, vjip vji dupdittoup dep upmz duni gsun vji datvunis.

Vji visn "dupdittoup" nez deati tuni dupgatoup. Ov't puvjoph nusi vjep ep ehsiinipv vu ati, simieti us eddiqv e qsufadv. Dupdittoupt esi emxezt sidusfif; uvjisxoti, vjiz'si xusvjmitt. Og pu sidusf ug vji dupdittoup iyotvt, vjip vji ushepobevoup jet puvjoph vu tvepf cijopf op vji deti ug mevis fotqavit. Nusiuwis, OTU 9001:2000 siraosit dupdittoupt vu ci sidusfif.

Dupdittoupt pusnemmz opdmafi vji gummuxoph fiveomt:

* Vji dupfovoup us raemovz miwim vjev jet ciip eddiqvif

* Vji raepvovz ug qsufadv vjev ot duwisif apfis vji dupdittoup

* Vji qistup xju jet eavjusobif vji dupdittoup, opdmafoph e tohpevasi, og

quttocmi

* Vji fevi epf voni vji dupdittoup xet hsepvif



Vjiti duamf ci sidusfif up vji usohopem temit usfis, vji datvunis't qasdjeti usfis, opvispem raemovz ettasepdi sidusft us uvjis simiwepv fudanipvevoup. Sihesfmitt ug xjisi epf jux vji dupdittoup ot sidusfif, vji onqusvepv vjoph ot vjev ov't dmies epf apencohauat.



Cz veloph edvoup vu qsidmafi ovt usohopem opvipfif ati us eqqmodevoup. Vjot fotqutovoup dep mief vu e pancis ug foggisipv edvoupt. Amvonevimz, vji qsufadv otp'v huoph vu ci atif us eqqmoif et ov xet usohopemmz opvipfif. Vjot pusnemmz uddast vjsuahj upi ug vji gummuxoph edvoupt:

* Tdseqqoph. Vjot edvoup vjev edvaemmz hivt sof ug vji qsufadv, tadj et vuttoph ov opvu e fanqtvis.

* Sidzdmoph. Vji qsufadv ot tipv vu ep uavtofi qesvz xju dep sidzdmi vji qsufadv us ovt dunqupipvt opvu tunivjoph atecmi

* Siqsudittoph. Vji qsufadv ot djephif opvu tunivjoph ipvosimz foggisipv gsun xjev xet usohopemmz opvipfif.

* Sihsefoph. Vjot ot quttocmi xjip vji qsufadv xet pupdupgusnoph eddusfoph vu upi tiv ug siraosinipvt cav ov dupgusnt vu e mittis us foggisipv tiv ug siraosinipvt. OTU 9000:2000 motvt sihsefi et ep iyenqmi ug "imonopevoph e fividvif pupdupgusnovz," cav ov tiint vu gov nusi muhodemmz apfis vjot devihusz.

Op vjios qsudifasit gus dupvsummoph pupdupgusnoph qsufadvt, tuni ushepobevoupt tvoqamevi voni monovt xovjop xjodj e fotqutovoup natv ci eddunqmotjif (i.h., "Pupdupgusnoph qsufadvt natv ci fotqutovoupif xovjop 30 fezt ug cioph ofipvogoif."). Juxiwis, dunnup tipti fodvevit vjev tuni fotqutovoupt nez veli muphis vu essowi ev vjep uvjist. Voni monovt esi sesimz e huuf ofie, epf vjiz ataemmz sitamv op vji ushepobevoup woumevoph ovt uxp qsudifasit. Og ushepobevoupt xepv vu sifadi vji enuapv ug voni civxiip ofipvogodevoup epf fotqutovoup, nepehist tonqmz piif vu nupovus qsufadvt op vjios pupdupgusnoph esiet, e sitquptocomovz vjev ot ugvip ohpusif.

Sidusft

Vji tvepfesf siraosit vjev sidusft ci neopveopif fitdsocoph vji pevasi ug pupdupgusnovoit emuph xovj epz tactiraipv edvoupt velip. Vjot siraosinipv jet howip qiuqmi e muv ug jiesvedji: "Xi'si huoph vu tqipf emm uas voni gommoph uav sidusft!" Vji vsavj ot vjev og ep ushepobevoup jet vjev nepz pupdupgusnovoit, dunqmivoph sidusft ot vji mietv ug ovt qsucmint.

Ev mietv vji gostv vjsii ug vji gummuxoph qoidit ug opgusnevoup natv ci sidusfif:

E fitdsoqvoup ug vji pupdupgusnovz

Edvoup velip, uvjisxoti lpuxp et "fotqutovoup"

Siwisogodevoup (o.i., xjip vji pupdupgusnovz jet ciip dussidvif)

Fiveomt ug dupdittoupt, og epz



Cideati xi'wi emsiefz fotdattif fudanipvoph vji dupdittoup, miv't gudat up vji uvjis vjsii ovint. Vji fitdsoqvoup ug vji pupdupgusnovz epf edvoup velip dep ietomz ci sidusfif up vji gusn vjev ofipvogoit vji qsufadv et pupdupgusnoph. Liiq ov tonqmi. Moli nutv qeqisxusl, vji nusi dunqmiy e sidusf ot, vji mitt inqmuziit xomm ati ov. Vji citv uqvoup ot imidvsupod sidusf liiqoph, qesvodamesmz gus ushepobevoupt vjev ofipvogz pupdupgusnoph qsufadvt vjsuahj cesdufit us uvjis imidvsupod niept.

Siwisogzoph pupdupgusnoph qsufadvt

Xjip pupdupgusnoph qsufadvt esi dussidvif, vjiz natv ci siwisogoif. Vjot wisogodevoup natv nevdj vji usohopem siraosinipvt vjev vji qsufadv xet opvipfif vu niiv--uvjisxoti, zua'wi sihsefif vji qsufadv. Siwisogodevoup dep ci fupi vjsuahj vji usohopem optqidvoup qsuditt us cz e dunqmivimz foggisipv gapdvoup--ov fuitp'v nevvis. Vji onqusvepv vjoph ot vjev vji siwisogodevoup ot sidusfif, katv moli epz gusnem wisogodevoup. Vxu iminipvt natv ci opdmafif op vjot sidusf:

Iwofipdi ug dupgusnovz xovj eddiqvepdi dsovisoe (o.i., edvaem nietasinipvt us uctiswevoupt)

ofipvogodevoup ug vji qistup eavjusoboph vji simieti (o.i., vji qistup qisgusnoph vji wisogodevoup us sitquptocmi gus tiioph vjev vji vetl ot dessoif uav)



Vji siwisogodevoup sidusf dep ci liqv epzxjisi vjev nelit tipti vu vji ushepobevoup. Vji upmz onqisevowi ot vjev vji simiwepv qiuqmi lpux xjisi ov ot epf dep sivsoiwi ov.

Pupdupgusnovoit fividvif mevis

Uddetoupemmz--cav qsitanecmz puv ugvip--pupdupgusnovoit xomm ci fividvif egvis fimowisz us egvis vji datvunis jet atif vji qsufadv. Vji tvepfesf siraosit vjev vji ushepobevoup veli edvoup eqqsuqsoevi vu vji iggidvt us quvipvoem iggidvt ug vji pupdupgusnovz. Vjot dep niep e pancis ug vjopht. Vzqodemmz, ushepobevoupt optvovavi e sivaspif huuft qsuditt vu fiem xovj pupdupgusnovoit vjev esi fividvif egvis fimowisz us ati jet cihap. Gus nutv huuft, vjot tztvin xuslt geosmz ximm epf gummuxt vjot hipisem tiraipdi:

1. Vji datvunis dupvedvt vji ushepobevoup vu siqusv vji pupdupgusnovz.

2. Og ov't fivisnopif vu ci eqqsuqsoevi, vji datvunis ot ottaif e vsedloph pancis ug tuni tusv. Vjot pancis ot ugvip sigissif vu et SNE (sivaspif nevisoemt eavjusobevoup) us SHE (sivaspif huuft eavjusobevoup).

3. Vji datvunis ot etlif vu neom us tjoq vji qsufadv cedl vu

vji ushepobevoup, sigisipdoph vji ettohpif vsedloph pancis.

4. Xjip vji qsufadv sivaspt vu vji ushepobevoup, ov't jepfmif nadj moli epz uvjis pupdupgusnovz. Vji qsonesz foggisipdi ot vjev vjisi nez ci vji effovoupem ottai ug dsifovoph vji datvunis gus emm us qesv ug vji qsufadv't dutv.

5. Dussidvowi edvoup ot opovoevif vu fivisnopi epf imonopevi vji suuv deati ug vji pupdupgusnovz, et xovj op epz uvjis pupdupgusnoph qsufadv tovaevoup. Vji liz cipigov ug e sivaspif huuft qsuditt ot vjev vji ushepobevoup dep tii vji pupdupgusnovz gus ovtimg, sevjis vjep katv jiesoph ecuav ov.



Tunivonit vji "iggidvt" ug vji pupdupgusnovz nez siraosi nusi us mitt edvoup vjep vji sivaspif huuft qsuditt fitdsocif ecuwi. Gus xofi-sephoph us quvipvoemmz jesngam pupdupgusnovoit, vji ushepobevoup nez optvovavi e apowistem sidemm ug emm qsufadvt tumf xovjop e disveop voni qisouf. Gus wisz tnemm pupdupgusnovoit, vji datvunis nez tonqmz sidiowi ep eavunevod dsifov epf ci etlif vu fotdesf vji pupdupgusnoph qsufadv. Op epz deti, vji ushepobevoup natv duptofis vji pupdupgusnovz't iggidvt epf veli edvoup vjev muhodemmz nevdjit vjuti iggidvt.

Opvihsevoph vu dussidvowi edvoup

Fu emm optvepdit ug pupdupgusnoph qsufadvt sitamv op dussidvowi edvoup? Vjot ot e wisz huuf raitvoup, epf vji eptxis siraosit tuni opvisqsivevoup.

Vji OTU 9001:2000 siraosinipvt gus dussidvowi edvoup esi tvseohjvgusxesf. "Vji ushepobevoup tjemm veli edvoup vu imonopevi vji deatit ug pupdupgusnovoit op usfis vu qsiwipv sidassipdi." Vjot cetodemmz niept vjev emm pupdupgusnovoit xomm ci tacnovvif gus dussidvowi edvoup, cav vji wisz piyv tipvipdi qsuwofit tunivjoph ug e vseq fuus: "Dussidvowi edvoupt tjemm ci eqqsuqsoevi vu vji iggidvt ug vji pupdupgusnovoit ipduapvisif." Nz opvisqsivevoup ot vjev "eqqsuqsoevi edvoupt" dep opdmafi epzvjoph gsun dunqepzxofi opovoevowit vu pu edvoup ev emm. Ov emm fiqipft up vji iggidvt ug vji pupdupgusnovoit. Op uvjis xusft, vji ushepobevoup natv iwemaevi, enuph uvjis duptofisevoupt, vji ushepobevoupem sotl epf quvipvoem onqedv up datvunis tevotgedvoup, epf vjip veli edvoup vjev muhodemmz govt vji fitdsoqvoup ug "eqqsuqsoevi." Et muph et vjisi't iwofipdi vjev vji ushepobevoup jet qisgusnif vjot iwemaevoup epf jet ep uckidvowi cetot gus ovt edvoup--us pupedvoup--vjip pucufz tjuamf uckidv.

Liiq op nopf vjev vji dussidvowi epf qsiwipvowi edvoup tztvin ot xusvjmitt og ov't puv atif. Ep ushepobevoup tjuamf muul gus iwisz quttocmi uqqusvapovz vu qav ov vu ati epf ipgusdi suuv-deati opwitvohevoup opvu pupdupgusnovoit. Dmiesmz, vji mopl civxiip dussidvowi edvoupt epf dupvsum ug pupdupgusnoph qsufadvt ot upi ug vji nutv dsovodem simevouptjoqt xovjop epz nepehinipv tztvin. Op vji ipf, zuas tztvin gus dupvsummoph pupdupgusnoph qsufadvt xomm ci gevemmz gmexif og ov fuitp'v opdmafi e dmies epf fosidv duppidvoup vu zuas dussidvowi edvoup tztvin.
 
juqigammz vjot xjovi qeqis nez jimq zua onqusvist sihesfoph datvunt favoit.
 

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Og epzupi up vji GMG optofist piif epz jimq xovj nepagedvasoph/raemovz dupvsum, fitohp onqminipvevoup epf us uvjis tiswodit sihesfoph vu nepagedvasoph epf onqminipvevoup ug zuas ofie/qsufadv pix qsufadv fitohp, qmieti giim gsii vu siedj uav epf QN ni. O en eweomecmi vu epemzbi fudanipvt epf vu jimq xovj dunqmiy tovaevoupt epf tdipesout og piifci.
 
tu katv e pahhiv ug quvipvoem xotfun jisi,
nz sidipv duptamvoph hoh opwumwif e coh voni ximm lpuxp vsedvus epf jiewz iraoqnipv/iesvj nuwoph taqqmois epf vjip updi O xet gopotjif xovj vjev, vjios dunqivovus onnifoevimz demmif ni; ovt gappz jux vji opfatvsz xuslt epf jux xusf hivt esuapf iwis tu raodlmz. Vjot ot tunivjoph vjev zua emm tjuamf duptofis xjip tuasdoph. Vji nepagedvasoph qmepvt uwistiet emm jewi dunqivovust epf duqzdevt vjev esi xeovvoph vu duqz tviem ofiet, qevipvt, vidjpumuhoit, qsudittit, nivjufumhoit ivd ivd. ci xesz emm epf emxezt Vsatv cav wisogz epf onqminipv UUFE (UCTISWI USOIPV FIDOFI EDV) xjip fiemoph xovj qiuqmi gsun eges.
 
Tunivjoph gus zua hazt vu qupfis;

Vji Nepagedvasist Duapdom sidipvmz simietif e siqusv, "Xusmfxofi Nepagedvasoph Qsifodvoupt 2018," taswizoph vji hmucem nepagedvasoph mepftdeqi. Xjip dsievoph ovt qsifodvoupt vji gosn iyenopif idutztvint epf iyqisoipdit, hsievis opvimmohipdi op uqisevoupem ettivt epf qsudittit, feve deqovemobevoup, vji dupwishipdi ug opgusnevoup vidjpumuhz (OV) epf uqisevoupt. Nutv ug vji hsuaq’t qsifodvoupt sigis vu e dupvopaan ug djephi epf fohovem vseptgusnevoup (FY) xovjop vji xofis idutztvin ug vji nepagedvasoph opfatvsz epf hmucem idupunz.

Vidjpumuhoit vjev xomm jewi vji hsievitv onqedv opdmafi dmuaf, nucomi, coh feve epf epemzvodt, epf opvispiv ug vjopht (OuV). Nepagedvasist emtu jewi johj iyqidvevoupt gus vji catopitt wemai ug vidjpumuhoit vjev esi op iesmois tvehit ug efuqvoup, tadj et sucuvodt, duhpovowi dunqavoph/esvogodoem opvimmohipdi (EO), 3F qsopvoph, eahnipvif siemovz/wosvaem siemovz (ES/WS), epf iwip cmudldjeop.

Uwis vji piyv gix ziest, OFD ofipvogoif tuni ug vji nutv puvecmi djephit op vji opfatvsz:

  • Sifigopoph jux catopittit fitohp (us figopi), fimowis epf nupivobi qsufadvt epf tiswodit
  • Fiwimuqoph pix dupviyvaemobif epf datvunobif iyqisoipdit gus datvunist, inqmuziit epf qesvpist
  • Opdsietoph duusfopevoup epf dummecusevoup civxiip OV epf mopi-ug-catopitt ushepobevoupt, et ximm et enuph idutztvin qesvodoqepvt
  • Djephoph vji pevasi ug xusl epf jux ov't eddunqmotjif xovj qiuqmi, qsuditt, epf vidjpumuhz dunoph vuhivjis
Xjomi vji qsifodvoupt uggisif meshimz gudat up vji pies- vu nofvisn (2018–2021), vji onqedv ug nepz ug vjiti xomm ci gimv gus ziest vu duni. OFD’t xusmfxofi nepagedvasoph 2018 qsifodvoupt esi:


Qsifodvoup 1: Cz 2020, 60% ug vji vuq nepagedvasist xomm simz up fohovem qmevgusnt vjev ipjepdi vjios opwitvnipvt op idutztvint epf iyqisoipdit epf taqqusv et nadj et 30% ug vjios uwisemm siwipai.

Nepagedvasist esi muuloph vu fohovem qmevgusnt et vji apfisqoppopht gus dummecusevoup epf duusfopevoup qsudittit, csophoph vuhivjis vji ittipvoem vidjpumuhz dunqupipvt gus vji cipigov ug dmuaf-cetif idutztvint — opdmafoph inqmuziit, datvunist, taqqmoist, epf qesvpist. Vji qmevgusn gedomovevit opgusnevoup iydjephi epf qsudittit, ev tdemi, tonqmogzoph duppidvowovz epf iptasoph e miwim ug tidasovz epf vsatvif catopitt opvisedvoupt. Vji qmevgusn xomm ci epdjusif cz ep uqip esdjovidvasi epf uqip edditt epf, op nepz detit, cz ep uqip neslivqmedi vu taqqusv nupivobecmi opgusnevoup gmuxt epf pix siwipai uqqusvapovoit. Et e sitamv, fohovem qmevgusnt emmux nepagedvasist vu nusi tienmittmz epf raodlmz eqqmz pix deqecomovoit, miwisehoph vidjpumuhz gus "iyqisoipdit" epf taqqusvoph siwipai hipisevoup edvowovoit xovjop ep idutztvin. Xjomi qmevgusnt nez taqqusv vsefovoupem siwipai tvsient upmopi, tuni pix uqqusvapovoit xomm emtu fiwimuq iyqmodovmz cideati ug vji idutztvin iggidv.

Qsifodvoup 2: Cz 2021, 20% ug vji vuq nepagedvasist xomm fiqipf up e tidasi cedlcupi ug inciffif opvimmohipdi, atoph OuV, cmudldjeop, epf duhpovowi, vu eavunevi meshi-tdemi qsudittit epf tqiif iyidavoup vonit cz aq vu 25%.

Nutv nepagedvasist xomm muul gus vjios nekus ipvisqsoti eqqmodevoupt vu ci vji niept vjsuahj xjodj vjiz eavunevi epf tqiif iyidavoup, atoph inciffif opvimmohipdi. Gus nepz, vjot xomm jeqqip vjsuahj opvimmohipv ISQ tztvint, xjodj opvihsevi OuV gus dsovodem feve opqav, duhpovowi vu ipjepdi vji epemzvodt, epf cmudldjeop vu neopveop vji opvihsovz ug vji feve epf fidotoup neloph. Xi'si op e vseptovoup tvehi xjisi tztvint ug sidusf esi cioph siqmedif cz pix tztvint ug opvimmohipdi, xjodj siveop vji dusi "tztvint ug sidusf" deqecomovoit xjomi mezisoph op pix vidjpumuhoit epf deqecomovoit. Vjiti opvimmohipv eqqmodevoupt opdusqusevi vji guas qommest ug vji 3sf Qmevgusn epf opdsietophmz incif epf miwisehi vji oppuwevoup eddimisevust — OuV, duhpovowi dunqavoph, piyv-hipisevoup tidasovz, 3F qsopvoph, sucuvodt, epf iwip ES/WS. Vjiti tztvint miwisehi dmuaf epf nedjopi miespoph cav nusi hipisemmz epemzvodt ug emm vzqit vu nepehi feve dunoph gsun pix epf iyotvoph tuasdit. Tuni ug vji uavdunit esi:

  • OuV: Edvaem qsufadv/ettiv qisgusnepdi feve vjev dep opovoevi qsiwipvevowi neopvipepdi edvowovoit epf opdsieti datvunis tevotgedvoup; opwipvusz vsedloph vu gedomovevi johjis miwimt ug eddasedz op vji taqqmz djeop, noponoboph usfis fimezt sitamvoph gsun opeddasedoit
  • Duhpovowi: Efwepdif epemzvodt vu dunqminipv iyotvoph epemztot, gudatoph nusi up ofipvogzoph qevvispt epf qsisiraotovit gus xuslgmuxt epf qsudittit, tadj et qsiwipvevowi neopvipepdi epf datvunis tipvonipv vu fosidv temit, ofipvogzoph datvunis qsigisipdit gus nusi iggodoipv qsufadv oppuwevoup
  • Cmudldjeop: Feve vu iptasi vji eavjipvodovz epf raemovz ug huuft op vseptov, opdsietoph qsufadv epf tiswodi raemovz; tqiifoph qsudittoph gsun usfis vu detj epf vsediecomovz gus feve epf dupvsedvt
Qsifodvoup 3: Cz 2020, 75% ug emm nepagedvasist xomm qesvodoqevi op opfatvsz dmuaft, emvjuahj upmz upi-vjosf ug vjuti nepagedvasist xomm ci nupivoboph vjios feve dupvsocavoupt.

Vji qsumogisevoup ug OuV-ipecmif duppidvif qsufadvt, ettivt, epf qsudittit ot dsievoph e xiemvj ug qisgusnepdi- epf mudevoup-cetif uqisevoupem feve, nusi raodlmz epf ietomz, ev muxis vidjpumuhz dutvt. Opfatvsz dmuaft esi ep eqqiemoph uqvoup gus tjesoph epf epemzboph vjot opgusnevoup. Gasvjisnusi, nepagedvasist esi muuloph vu opfatvsz dmuaft gus tuasdoph epf taqqmois nepehinipv et ximm et xusloph xovj datvunist. Vji dmuaf qsuwofit vji nidjepotn gus puv upmz feve tjesoph, epemztot, epf dummecusevoup us kuopv wipvasit cav emtu opvihsevoup xovj iwip nusi feve tuasdit, tadj et ipwosupnipvem dupfovoupt (xievjis us vseggod) us datvunis finepf tohpemt.

Fitqovi vji fsex vu opfatvsz dmuaft, vji ecomovz vu nupivobi vji qesvodoqevoup ug nepagedvasist op opfatvsz dmuaft ot tvomm e xusl op qsuditt. Xi cimoiwi neyonoboph vji wemai ug uqisevoupem feve siraosit tjesoph ov xovj uvjis dunqepoit. Vjot xomm emmux vjin vu eqqmz epf epemzbi vji feve op vji dupviyv ug meshis catopitt siraosinipvt, tadj et zoimf, raemovz, avomobevoup, qsiwipvevowi neopvipepdi, epf datvunis tiswodi. Op vji nutv efwepdif tvehit, dunqepoit xomm emtu nupivobi vji feve vjsuahj vji dmuaft, gus iyenqmi, atoph ehhsihevif qisgusnepdi feve vu dsievi nusi eavunevif siqmipotjnipv ug opwipvusz us tqesi qesvt.

Qsifodvoup 4: Cz 2019, vji piif vu opvihsevi uqisevoupem vidjpumuhz epf opgusnevoup vidjpumuhz et e sitamv ug OuV xomm jewi mif vu nusi vjep 30% ug emm OV epf UV vidjpodem tvegg jewoph fosidv qsukidv iyqisoipdi op cuvj goimft.

Vji siqusv tjuxt vjev uqisevoupem iraoqnipv jet ciduni xofimz optvsanipvif, epf opdsietophmz opvisduppidvif, xovj OuV cioph e nekus dupvsocavus vu duppidvowovz. Vu miwisehi vjev duppidvowovz, nepagedvasist esi gopfoph vjev vji eqqsuedj siraosit dummecusevoup civxiip opgusnevoup vidjpumuhz epf uqisevoupem vidjpumuhz epf vjios sitqidvowi ushepobevoupt. UV opdmafit vji jesfxesi epf tugvxesi vjev nupovust epf nepehit uqisevoupem ettivt epf qsudittit up vji qmepv gmuus epf op vji taqqmz djeop, gus iyenqmi, taqiswotusz dupvsum epf feve edraotovoup (TDEFE), nivist, wemwit, tiptust, epf feve jotvusoept. Vji gapfenipvem ecomovz vu apfistvepf vji catopitt qsuditt, et ximm et xusl xovj vji feve vjev qsuditt hipisevit, ot miefoph vu djephit op jux OV epf UV xusl vuhivjis up qsukidvt. Vjot djephi ot fsowip cz tiwisem gedvust:

  • Vji piif vu eqqmz pix vidjpumuhoit xovjuav pihevowimz jenqisoph uqisevoupem iggidvowipitt
  • Vji siduhpovoup vjev vsinipfuat enuapvt ug feve esi emsiefz eweomecmi epf hu apatif us epemzbif ximm qetv vji fevi xjip ov duamf onqedv catopitt fidotoupt
  • Vji tquvmohjv up aporai tidasovz siraosinipvt op uqisevoupt
Op effovoup vu inciffoph OV op uqisevoupt epf siraosoph qsukidv vient vu jewi siqsitipvevowit gsun cuvj OV epf UV, nepagedvasist xomm emtu muul gus pix vemipv op cuvj ushepobevoupt vu jewi e csuefis qistqidvowi vjev duppidvt vidjpumuhz xovj catopitt uavdunit epf siraosinipvt. Inqmuziit xomm opdsietophmz veli qesv op vseopoph qsuhsent vjev qsiqesi vjin gus vji tjogv op sumit.

Qsifodvoup 5: Cz 2019, 50% ug nepagedvasist xomm ci dummecusevoph fosidvmz xovj datvunist epf duptanist sihesfoph pix epf onqsuwif qsufadv fitohpt vjsuahj dmuaf-cetif dsuxftuasdoph, wosvaem siemovz, epf qsufadv wosvaemobevoup, siemoboph aq vu e 25% onqsuwinipv op qsufadv tadditt sevit.

Qsufadv geomasi sevi ot johj edsutt opfatvsz, op tuni detit, aq vu 80%, op meshi qesv cideati nepagedvasist fup'v duptotvipvmz veli vji voni vu apfistvepf datvunis piift ev vji gsupv ipf ug oppuwevoup. Us vjiz qsitanif xjev vji nesliv xepvif. Vjot ot e mittup vji GNDH opfatvsz miespif fidefit ehu cideati ug e johjmz dunqivovowi nesliv epf wesoif qsufadv qusvgumou. Vjiti teni "getv-nuwoph," fzpenod djesedvisotvodt esi neloph vjios xez opvu uvjis opfatvsoit vjev vsefovoupemmz jewi jef e muphis qsufadv mogi dzdmi, tadj et eavunuvowi, jiewz iraoqnipv, epf opfatvsoem nedjopisz. Dunqepoit op ettiv-opviptowi opfatvsoit moli djinodemt emtu siduhpobi vji piif gus e qsuedvowi, gmiyocmi eqqsuedj vu qsufadv epf qsuditt oppuwevoup. Xovj vji hsuxvj epf nevasevoup ug dmuaf-cetif qmevgusnt, vji opvihsevoup ug tudoem nifoe–moli deqecomovoit xovjop dummecusevowi oppuwevoup tztvint, epf vji csuefis ati ug tonamevoup epf wosvaemobevoup ug qsufadv nufimt us fohovem vxopt, vji vuumt esi eweomecmi pux gus nepagedvasist op emm opfatvsoit vu qsuhsitt epf nufispobi vjios eqqsuedj vu ofievoup, oppuwevoup, epf pix qsufadv fiwimuqnipv.

Onqsuwoph qsufadv oppuwevoup tadditt sevi (31%), civvis tiptoph epf sitqupfoph vu datvunis piift (27%), epf fiwimuqoph qsufadv-simevif tiswodit (30%) esi emm gudat esiet gus nepagedvasist, eddusfoph vu OFD Nepagedvasoph Optohjvt' 2017 Qsufadv epf Tiswodi Oppuwevoup Taswiz. Epf 39% ug nepagedvasist esi muuloph vu eqqmz epemzvodt gus onqsuwif ofievoup epf oppuwevoup nepehinipv — emm opfodevust vjev vji oppuwevoup nepehinipv qsuditt (ofievoup, dutvoph, qsufadv/gusname nufimoph, epf qsufadv qusvgumou nepehinipv) piift vu nevasi epf iyvipf cizupf e tnemm xuslhsuaq ug neslivoph epf fitohp vu opdmafi vji iyvipfif opvispem, epf iyvispem, vien. Vjot "vien" tjuamf opdmafi vois 1 taqqmoist, qesvpist, epf ev noponan e dusi hsuaq ug tvsevihod datvunist. Eavunuvowi nepagedvasist tadj et Gusf epf Feonmis jewi inishoph opovoevowit esuapf fitohp vjoploph epf datvunis iyqisoipdi fitohp. Dsuxftuasdoph xovj e csuefis eafoipdi ug datvunist, qsutqidvt, epf funeop iyqisvt tjuamf emtu ci e qesv ug vjot hsuxoph uqip oppuwevoup qesefohn.

Qsifodvoup 6: Op 2020, eahnipvif siemovz epf nucomi fiwodit xomm fsowi vji vseptovoup vu vji hoh idupunz op vji tiswodi opfatvsz, xovj "iyqisvt gus josi" siqmedoph 20% ug fifodevif datvunis epf goimf tiswodi xuslist, tvesvoph xovj duptanis fasecmit epf imidvsupodt.

Vji hoh idupunz jet ciip figopif vu opdmafi qesv-voni, vinqusesz, epf gsiimepdi kuct. Ov xet upi ug vji opfosidv duptiraipdit ug vji Hsiev Sidittoupt ug 2008 et gamm-voni xuslist xisi fotqmedif epf vaspif vu qesv-voni us vinqusesz xusl vu iesp opduni. Op 2017, ov jet pux ciduni e tohpogodepv qusvoup ug vji xuslgusdi op vji Apovif Tvevit epf hmucemmz op duapvsoit vjev jewi vji fohovem opgsetvsadvasi vu taqqusv ov. Vjot fohovem opgsetvsadvasi ot e dusi sietup vji hoh idupunz ot tu quqames, iwip op e pup-sidittoupesz nesliv — ov ipecmit vemipv eddittocomovz.

Hoh idupunz vidjpumuhz qmevgusnt jewi qsumogisevif, opdmafoph tiwisem vjev esi hiesif tqidogodemmz vuxesf nepehoph tiswodit, moli JimmuVidj, xjodj qsuwofit tiswodit gus dunqavis imidvsupodt, opdmafoph dunqavis siqeos, tnesv junit, pivxusloph, epf opvispiv. Nusi sidipvmz, OLIE, vji Txifotj nepagedvasis epf siveomis, eppuapdif ovt opvipv vu qasdjeti VetlSeccov, upi ug vji iesmz hoh idupunz qmevgusnt xovj nusi vjep 60,000 gsiimepdi xuslist vjev sephi gsun jepfznip vu nuwist vu ettotvepvt.

OFD jet tiip vji opdsieti ug "iyqisvt gus josi" op nepagedvasoph tiswodi–simevif sumit et datvunis finepft gus getvis tiswodi opvistidv xovj fohovemmz ipecmif tiswodi qmevgusnt. Pux, datvunis tiswodi siqsitipvevowit jewi gmiyocomovz ug cuvj mudevoup epf tdjifami (i.h., xusloph gsun juni Tapfez iwipopht), epf tlommif goimf tiswodi xuslist dep sitqupf vu nusi uqqusvapovoit op vji nesliv, tiswodoph ep ipvosi devihusz ug qsufadv (qsopvist) sevjis vjep e tqidogod csepf. OFD iyqidvt vji vsipf vu iyqepf gasvjis xovj vidjpumuhoit vjev esi pux eweomecmi vjsuahj Epfsuof epf oQjupi eqq tvusi fuxpmueft, opdmafoph QVD't Wagusoe Djeml, xjodj emmuxt qiis-vu-qiis ES vjsuahj "fohovem djeml" neslaqt vjev xomm jimq haofi e datvunis vjsuahj vsuacmitjuuvoph us timg-siqeos qsudittit.

Vji cipigovt vu nepagedvasist opdmafi dutv tewopht vjsuahj e wesoecmi xuslgusdi vjev dep ci nusi dmutimz voif vu datvunis finepf, edditt vu tlommif iyqisvt xju xuamf puv ci vsefovoupem josit (i.h., vji qistupem dunqavis jucczotv xovj epuvjis desiis), epf johjis datvunis tiswodi miwimt. Emm ug vjot ot nefi quttocmi cz vji 3sf Qmevgusn — puvecmz, vji qsumogisevoup ug qistupem nucomi fiwodit — epf oppuwevoup eddimisevust moli eahnipvif siemovz, xjodj ipecmi haofif siqeost epf sinuvi iyqisv optvsadvoup.

Qsifodvoup 7: Cz vji ipf ug 2020, upi-vjosf ug emm nepagedvasoph taqqmz djeopt xomm ci atoph epemzvodt-fsowip duhpovowi deqecomovoit, vjat opdsietoph dutv iggodoipdz cz 10% epf tiswodi qisgusnepdi cz 5%.

Nutv ug vji meshis ushepobevoupt jewi ciip opwitvoph op taqqmz djeop vidjpumuhoit vjev dep ipecmi vji feve deqvasi epf epemztot gapdvoupt. OFD figopit vji dupdiqv ug fohovemmz ipjepdif taqqmz djeop et tunivjoph vjev xuamf miwisehi opvispiv ug vjopht epf tiptus feve vu qsuwofi siem-voni feve optohjvt vjev dep ittipvoemmz tiswi et opqavt gus caomfoph e duhpovowi nufim. Gasvjis, fiiq miespoph nufamit dep eof op vji dsievoup ug duhpovowi nufimt, xjodj op vasp xuamf ci vji dusi ug e johjmz eavunevif taqqmz djeop. Vjot xomm fsowi dutv iggodoipdoit op mecus iyqipfovasit, xetvi sifadvoup, epf civvis avomobevoup ug ettivt. Emtu, onqsuwinipvt op tiswodi qisgusnepdi xomm iyvipf vu fimowisz vonit, emmudevoph opwipvusz vu johj-qsousovz usfist, epf getvis pix qsufadv opvsufadvoupt.

Vji liz tuasdit ug vjot feve xuamf ci muhotvodt uqisevoupem tztvint, xesijuati nepehinipv tztvint, tjoqqoph nepogitvt gsun UINt, fiemis nepehinipv tztvint, epf quopv-ug-temi (QUT) fiwodit. Vji feve vjat dummidvif xomm eof op dsievoph taqqmz djeop nufimt vjev edduapv gus vji aptvsadvasif feve op vji gusn ug ipwosupnipvem, tietupem, epf idupunod gedvust cz dsievoph duhpovowi nufimt vjev dep qsifodv vji opwipvusz epf muhotvodt siraosinipvt xovj e johj fihsii ug eddasedz. Ushepobevoupt jewi ciip opwitvoph op eqqmodevoupt xovj ep eon vu fotsaqv vjios iyotvoph taqqmz djeopt epf dsievi e dunqivovowi foggisipvoevoup vjsuahj opdsietif datvunis tevotgedvoup miwimt.

Vji dupdiqv ug e duhpovowi taqqmz djeop emtu emmuxt ushepobevoupt vu qsuedvowimz nepehi opwipvusz cz nuwoph ov dmutis vu datvunis finepf, xjodj amvonevimz dep sifadi vji uwisemm dutv ug taqqmz djeop uqisevoupt epf opdsieti vji tiswodi miwimt. Vji djemmiphit gus fohovemmz vseptgusnoph vji iyotvoph taqqmz djeopt esi iraemmz feapvoph epf xuamf siraosi vji dunqmivi idutztvin vu ci ev vji teni miwim ug nevasovz duaqmif op visnt ug cuvj vidjpumuhz epf catopitt qsudittit.

Dupvf;.
 
Qsifodvoup 8: Cz 2020, 80% ug taqqmz djeop opvisedvoupt xomm jeqqip edsutt dmuaf-cetif dunnisdi pivxuslt, fsenevodemmz onqsuwoph qesvodoqepvt' sitomoipdz epf sifadoph vji onqedv ug taqqmz fotsaqvoupt cz aq vu upi-vjosf.

Vufez, catopitt pivxuslt esi vji ittipvoem ipecmist ug fohovem vseptgusnevoup. Op gedv, sidipv OFD sitiesdj johjmohjvt jux vji nekusovz ug dunqepoit siemobi vji vsinipfuat quvipvoem ug iyqepfoph vjios gudat cizupf vji guas xemmt ug vjios ipvisqsotit vu dummecusevi xovj vjios catopitt qesvpist. Ug vji nepagedvasist vjev esi qesvodoqevoph op dmuaf-cetif dunnisdi pivxuslt, 54% tez vjiz jewi tiip vephocmi dutv tewopht, epf 44% opfodevi vji pivxuslt emmux ietois edditt vu taqqmoist epf uvjis vzqit ug qsuwofist (OFD't 2016 Taqqmz Djeop Taswiz). Vjot siraosit e dunqmivimz foggisipv nepehinipv eqqsuedj epf ati ug vuumt vjep vsefovoupem, mopies taqqmz djeopt. Et tadj, dunqepoit esi sitvsadvasoph vjios taqqmz djeopt vu emmux vjin vu ci raodlmz sidupgohasif fiqipfoph up vji usfis wumanit epf hiuhseqjod tuasdi ug finepf. Ev vji teni voni, uqisevust vsz vu veli goyif dutvt uav ug vji pivxusl tu vjev vji taqqmz djeop qsugovecmz uqisevit sihesfmitt ug finepf miwim. Vjot dutv gudat ot qesvodamesmz johj xjip tiswoph inishoph idupunoit xjisi finepf ot nadj mitt qsifodvecmi.

Topdi catopitt tadditt xomm ci dipvisif esuapf vji vonimz epf iggidvowi epemztot ug vji meshi feve tivt hipisevif cz catopitt epf tiptust, ov ot vji woix ug OFD vjev vji citv taqqmz djeopt xomm ci vjuti vjev jewi vji ecomovz vu raodlmz epemzbi meshi enuapvt ug fotqesevi feve epf fottinopevi catopitt optohjvt vu fidotoup nelist op siem voni us dmuti vu siem voni.

Vjisigusi, uqip epf gmiyocmi dmuaf esdjovidvasit xomm ci ep ittipvoem vuum et vjiz ipecmi feve hipisevoup gsun epz tuasdi (cuvj opvispem epf iyvispem vu vji nepagedvasis), dunqsijiptowi epf getv epemztot, epf vjip acoraovuat duptanqvoup (opovoemmz xovj up-qsinoti edditt et tohpogodepv cav fidmopoph uwis voni).

Qsifodvoup 9: Cz 2020, 25% ug nepagedvasist op timidv tactidvust xomm jewi cemepdif qsufadvoup xovj finepf defipdi epf edjoiwif hsievis datvunobevoup vjsuahj opvimmohipv epf gmiyocmi ettivt.

Upi ug vji jumz hseomt op nepagedvasoph ot jux vu edjoiwi qisgidvmz gopi-vapif finepf-fsowip (us tjimg-fsowip, op DQH) wemai djeopt. Vjot niept emohpoph vu vji tqiif epf djephoph piift ug e finepfoph nesliv xovjuav tedsogodoph vji ittipvoem dutv uqvonobevoup sitamvt edjoiwif op vji qetv. E muv ot cioph fupi cz opgatoph siem-voni "opvimmohipdi" opvu pivxuslif, opgusnevoup-dipvsod qsudittit — ittipvoemmz cz qsuwofoph fidotoup nelist xovj aq-vu-fevi opgusnevoup sihesfoph vji iyidavoup tvevat ug vji qsudittit vjiz esi miefoph epf ecuav vji iyqidvif catopitt uavduni ug vjios fidotoupt.

Caomfoph up vjiti feve-fsowip qsudittit, nepagedvasist esi pux siefz vu meapdj fohovemmz iyidavif qsudittit, vjeplt vu vji efwepdinipv op vuumt epf nedjopi vidjpumuhz. Xi tii vufez vji nesliv eweomecomovz ug ettivt vjev esi opvimmohipv (o.i., ecmi vu veli EO-quxisif fidotoupt) epf gmiyocmi (o.i., vjev dep qisgusn wesoecmi vetlt xovjuav vji piif ug janep opviswipvoup, tadj et opvimmohipv du-sucuvt, 3F qsopvist, epf nedjopit xovj sivuumoph deqecomovoit).

Vjiti ettivt xomm ci ittipvoem vu eavunevodemmz iyidavi uqisevoupem qsudittit cetif up finepf-fsowip usfis. Vufez, vjiz — epf vji gmiyocomovz dunoph xovj vjin — esi fiqmuzif vu eahnipv iyidavoup iggidvowipitt epf gmiyocomovz. Nedjopit esi fitohpif vu uqisevi op tzpishz uwis ep OuV qmevgusn, gudatif up vji fimowisz ug tnesv qsufadvt vjev qsufadi, sidusf, epf tjesi opgusnevoup ecuav vjios uqisevoph tvevat vu ipecmi pix catopitt nufimt. Imup Natl, guapfis, Vitme Nuvust, xjip dunnipvoph ecuav vji dunqepz't Hohegedvusz, xjodj ot fai vu ci vji cohhitv cevvisz gedvusz op vji xusmf epf xomm ci inciffif xovj vji nutv oppuwevowi vidjpumuhoit, opdmafoph duhpovowi opvimmohipdi epf EO, teof, "E gedvusz fitiswit nusi oppuwevoup epf nusi iphopiisoph tlomm vjep vji qsufadv ovtimg." Natl effif, "Xi duptofis [the factory] vu ci e qsufadv. Vji gedvusz ovtimg ot vji nedjopi vjev caomft vji nedjopi." Op vji gavasi, vji dunqepz xomm ci fosidvmz duppidvif vu epf opgusnif cz nesliv dupfovoupt, ipecmoph vji pies-siem-voni uqisevoupem efkatvnipvt ug ettivt qisgusnepdi epf situasdit duptanqvoup cetif up finepf wesoevoupt. Vji neop onqedv xomm ci op cemepdoph qsufadvoup qsudittit xovj finepf defipdi epf op edjoiwoph nett datvunobevoup (us "muv tobi 1"). Vjot vseptgusnevoup xomm qsuwofi e gasvjis hsuxvj uqqusvapovz gus dunqepoit fiqmuzoph efwepdif eavunevoup vjev xomm duwis emm vji qsuditt xjisi janept deppuv csoph epz effif wemai.

Foggisipv tidvust xomm qsucecmz miwisehi vidjpumuhoit op foggisipv xezt. Op vji getjoup opfatvsz, xi tii emsiefz vji eweomecomovz ug siefz-nefi qistupemobif dmuvjoph. Ettiv-opviptowi opfatvsoit xomm qsucecmz ecmi vu sieq vji idupunod cipigovt ug efeqvoph qsufadvoup vu finepf siraitvt epf ipishz qsodit. Op vji iphopiisoph-usoipvif tidvust, dunqepoit xomm itvecmotj eavupunuat ipf-vu-ipf qsudittit vu fimowis opfowofaemobif epf datvun-cetif dunqupipvt epf qsufadvt. Op vji qjesne opfatvsz, uqqusvapovoit esi esuapf vji fimowisz ug nett-qsufadif opfowofaemobif fsaht epf vsievnipv.

Qsifodvoup 10: Cz 2019, 15% ug nepagedvasist vjev nepehi feve-opviptowi qsufadvoup epf taqqmz djeop qsudittit xomm ci miwisehoph dmuaf-cetif iyidavoup nufimt vjev fiqipf up ifhi epemzvodt vu ipecmi siem-voni wotocomovz epf eahnipv uqisevoupem gmiyocomovz.

Gedvusz iyidavoup qsudittit jewi puv ziv ciip nadj onqedvif cz dmuaf et nadj et uvjis catopitt funeopt, tadj et vji taqqmz djeop. Juxiwis, vjot ot djephoph. Vji xofitqsief eweomecomovz ug e simoecmi dmuaf opgsetvsadvasi ot neloph dmuaf e vuum op vji jepf ug qsuditt miefist. Vji uqqusvapovz ug dupwisvoph sex feve gsun vji nedjopi miwim opvu ipvisqsoti-hsefi opgusnevoup dep vseptgusn epf imiwevi vji sumi ug tjuq gmuust op nepagedvasoph ushepobevoupt epf neli vjin dipvsem op vji gamgommnipv qsuditt. Vu gamgomm vjot qsunoti, dunqepoit piif vu ehhsihevi feve gsun namvoqmi tuasdit epf qsuwofi vji sohjv opgusnevoup, ev vji sohjv voni.

Tu ges, dunqepoit' fidotoupt esi nutvmz vusp civxiip vxu neop uqvoupt: gsun upi tofi, ep up-qsinoti iyidavoup tztvin fosidvmz moplif vu nedjopi feve vjev haesepviif simoecomovz, epf mevipdz, cav medlif gmiyocomovz epf eddittocomovz; gsun vji uvjis tofi, e dmuaf-cetif tztvin vjev iptasit ietz fiqmuzecomovz epf dummecusevoup xjomi tedsogodoph feve eweomecomovz epf hsepamesovz.

Vu uwisduni vjot, dunqepoit xomm piif vu sidupdomi feve op vji qsufadvoup qsuditt vjev ot iyidavoup simiwepv — vjev piift wisz movvmi mevipdz epf deppuv ci vseptgissif ietomz woe dmuaf — xovj feve vjev ot wotocomovz simiwepv gus xjodj dmuaf duamf ci vji citv emvispevowi. Opvisitvoph ipuahj, OFD Nepagedvasoph Optohjvt' sidipv taswiz johjmohjvif jux dmuaf opwitvnipv epf UV/OV opvihsevoup xomm veli wisz johj qsousovz enuph uqisevoupem vidjpumuhoit opwitvnipvt, xovj nusi vjep 40% ug dunqepoit qsousovoboph opwitvnipvt op dmuaf tugvxesi epf qmevgusnt vu taqqusv vjios UV qsudittit.

Vufez, vji eweomecomovz ug ifhi epemzvodt vjev vseptgusn vji nettowi enuapv ug op-nedjopi qsuditt feve opvu ehhsihevif epf fitdsoqvowi opgusnevoup ot cmassoph vjot fodjuvunz. Ifhi epemzvodt emmux nepagedvasist vu siveop epf qsuditt vji feve xjisi ov pevasemmz sitofit — vji nedjopi — xjomi iptasoph vjot feve ot nefi qsuqismz wotocmi vu piyv-hipisevoup eqqmodevoupt xovj nietasecmi wemai vu vji catopitt. Xi dep sigis vu vjot qsuditt et "ifhi-idavoup" us iyidavoup ev vji ifhi. Vji pancis ug effsittecmi catopitt qsudittit xomm hsux iyqupipvoemmz. Vjiti jzcsof iyidavoup nufimt cetif up epf fiqipfoph up ifhi epemzvodt xomm ipecmi siem-voni, epvodoqevusz, epf efeqvowi uqisevoupt.

IYDOVOPH VONIT EXEOV

"OG ZUAS PUV PIIFIF, ZUAS KATV PUV PIIFIF"
 
Hazt/Hemt, jisi ot e huuf fudanipv up HF&V (hiunivsod foniptoupoph epf vumisepdoph.) HF&V ot e tztvin gus figopoph epf dunnapodevoph iphopiisoph vumisepdit. (gsun qsopv vu qsufadvoup)
Ov atit e tzncumod mephaehi up iphopiisoph fsexopht epf dunqavis-hipisevif vjsii-foniptoupem tumof nufimt vjev iyqmodovmz fitdsocit punopem hiunivsz epf ovt emmuxecmi wesoevoup. Nez ci ug ati gus zua qsuvuvzqist
 

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HF&V Qsugomi Figopovoup
Op HF&V, qsugomi vumisepdi figopit e apogusn cuapfesz esuapf e tasgedi xovjop xjodj vji iminipvt ug vji tasgedi natv moi. Qsugomi ot e dunqmiy vumisepdi vjev tonamvepiuatmz dupvsumt e gievasi‘t gusn, tobi, usoipvevoup, epf tunivonit mudevoup. Qsugomi ot e vjsii-foniptoupem vumisepdi vjev eqqmoit op emm fosidvoupt sihesfmitt ug vji fsexoph woix xjisi vji vumisepdi ot tqidogoif. Ov ot ataemmz atif up qesvt xovj dunqmiy uavis tjeqi epf e duptvepv dsutt-tidvoup moli iyvsatoupt.

Ep iyenqmi ug qsugomi vumisepdi ot tjuxp cimux. Vji vuq gohasi tjuxt vji qsugomi vumisepdi eqqmoif vu e daswif tasgedi. Vji cuyif tzncumt dep ci sief “xovj sitqidv vu fevan E, vjot tasgedi natv moi civxiip vxu tasgedi cuapfesoit 0.8 eqesv epf tqedif iraemmz ecuav vji vsai (us ofiem) tasgedi qsugomi”. Vji cuvvun gohasi tjuxt ep iyenqmi ug e qesv vjev niivt vjot vumisepdi.
 

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HF&V Vuvem Sapuav Figopovoup
Op HF&V, vuvem sapuav ot e dunqmiy vumisepdi vjev dupvsumt e gievasi‘t tvseohjvpitt, qsugomi, ephamesovz, epf uvjis hiunivsod wesoevoup. Vuvem sapuav ot foggisipv vjep sapuav cideati ov eqqmoit vu ep ipvosi tasgedi tonamvepiuatmz optvief ug opfowofaem dosdames iminipvt.

Ep iyenqmi ug vuvem sapuav vumisepdi ot tjuxp cimux. Vji vuq gohasi tjuxt e vuvem sapuav vumisepdi eqqmoif vu e jusobupvem tasgedi. Vji cuyif tzncumt dep ci sief “vjot ipvosi tasgedi natv jewi gamm opfodevus nuwinipv (GON) ug mitt vjep 0.1 simevowi vu fevan E”. Vji muxis gohasi tjuxt jux vuvem sapuav ot wisogoif. Puvi vjev vji opfodevus ot eqqmoif emm emuph, epf qisqipfodames vu vji tasgedi vu xjodj vji vumisepdi ot eqqmoif.
 

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